Guest guest Posted September 20, 2004 Report Share Posted September 20, 2004 I posted on another list in regards to pets/sulpher. The moderator came back with this: (thanx Marnie) Pam Reference 1 Sulfur dioxide and some sulfites, bisulfites and metabisulfites. ANONYMOUS IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 1992;54:131-88 [DART] 2 Dominant lethal effect of sulfur mustard in rats. Sasser LB; Cushing JA; Dacre JC Toxicologist 1990 Feb;10(1):225 [DART] 3 TERATOLOGY STUDIES ON LEWISITE AND SULFUR MUSTARD AGENTS: EFFECTS OF SULFUR MUSTARD IN RATS AND RABBITS HACKETT PL; ROMMEREIM RL; BURTON FG; BUSCHBOM RL; SASSER LB REPORT (PNL-6344):65 PP,1987 [DART] 4 Toxicology studies on lewisite and sulfur mustard agents: two- generation reproduction study of sulfur mustard (HD) in rats--final report. Sasser LB; RA; Kalkwarf DR; Buschbom RL; Cushing JA NTIS Technical Report (NTIS/AD-A216 423) 1989 Sep;:46 pp. [DART] SULFUR CASRN: 7704-34-9 For other data, click on the Table of Contents Human Health Effects: Human Toxicity Excerpts: PROLONGED USE OF SULFUR MAY RESULT IN A CHARACTERISTIC DERMATITIS VENENATA. [Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980. 1187]**PEER REVIEWED** NO INJURIOUS EFFECTS HAVE BEEN ASCRIBED TO THE INHALATION OF DUST IN THE USA, BUT CASES OF " THIOPNEUMOCONIOSIS " & BRONCHITIS WITH EMPHYSEMA HAVE BEEN REPORTED ... . [Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963. 892]**PEER REVIEWED** ACUTE EFFECTS OF SULFUR INHALATION INCL CATARRHAL INFLAMMATION OF NASAL MUCOSA, WHICH MAY LEAD TO HYPERPLASIA WITH ABUNDANT NASAL SECRETION. TRACHEOBRONCHITIS IS FREQUENT OCCURRENCE WITH DYSPNEA, PERSISTENT COUGH & EXPECTORATION ... SOMETIMES STREAKED WITH BLOOD. THERE MAY ALSO BE IRRITATION OF EYES, WITH LACRIMATION, PHOTOPHOBIA, CONJUNCTIVITIS AND BLEPHAROCONJUNCTIVITIS; CASES OF DAMAGE TO CRYSTALLINE LENS HAVE ALSO BEEN DESCRIBED, WITH FORMATION OF OPACITIES AND EVEN CATARACT AND FOCAL CHORIORETINITIS. SKIN MAY BE SUBJECT TO ERYTHEMATOUS AND ECZEMATOUS LESIONS AND SIGNS OF ULCERATION, ESPECIALLY IN ... WORKERS WHOSE HANDS ARE IN PROLONGED OR REPEATED CONTACT WITH POWDERED SULFUR ... AT BEGINNING, MINER SUFFERS FROM UPPER RESP TRACT CATARRH, WITH COUGH, & EXPECTORATION WHICH IS MUCOID & MAY EVEN CONTAIN GRAINS OF SULFUR. ASTHMA IS FREQUENT COMPLICATION. MAXILLARY & FRONTAL SINUSES MAY BE AFFECTED; INVOLVEMENT IS USUALLY BILATERAL & PANSINUSITIS MAY BE OBSERVED IN SOME CASES. ... LUNG FUNCTION EXAM HAS SHOWN CHANGES IN PULMONARY VENTILATION, INCR OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, REDUCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME/SEC & INCR RESIDUAL VOL PULMONARY CARBON DIOXIDE DIFFUSION CAPACITY WAS ALSO IMPAIRED. [international Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I & II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 2121]**PEER REVIEWED** LARGE DOSES (15 G) BY MOUTH MAY LEAD TO HYDROGEN SULFIDE PRODUCTION IN VIVO, CHIEFLY DUE TO BACTERIAL ACTION WITHIN COLON. SMALL PARTICLES ARE MORE TOXIC THAN LARGE ONES. A MAN HAS SURVIVED INGESTION OF 60 G OF SULFUR OVER PERIOD OF 24 HR. [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. , H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-116] **PEER REVIEWED** .... Sulfur ... /produces/ acute tracheobronchitis characterized by cough, sore throat, chest pain, and lightheadedness. [Ellenhorn, M.J. and D.G. Barceloux. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 1988. 37]**PEER REVIEWED** Metabolic acidosis occurred in a 57 yr old woman who took sublimed sulfur 250 g over a period of 6 days as folk remedy for malaise and dyspnea. /Sublimed sulfur/ [Reynolds, J.E.F., Prasad, A.B. (eds.) dale-The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 28th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1982. 504]**PEER REVIEWED** An individual may be exposed for several hr or days to sulfur dust before beginning to develop sensation of scratchy discomfort in the eyes. This may then progress to burning and tearing, with blurring of vision. Keratitis epithelialis may be found, and there may be loss of patches of corneal epithelium with no evident abnormality of the deeper layers of the cornea. Recovery is spontaneous and complete within two or three days when exposure is discontinued. [Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: C. Publisher, 1986. 861]**PEER REVIEWED** Symptoms of exposure: (Inhalation) 1. Irritation of respiratory passages 2. Sneezing, coughing; (Ingestion) 1. Metabolic acidosis; (Skin contact) 1. Irritation of the skin 2. Repeated contact may induce allergic response 3. Molten sulfur will cause serious burns; (Eye contact) 1. Mechanical irritation on inner surface of eyelid 2. Watering of the affected eye. [Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Sulfur (Draft) p.46 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED** A study of the elemental composition of metal working fluid (MWF) aerosols was conducted to determine which component of the MWFs could be responsible for pulmonary function decrements in exposed automobile parts manufacturing workers. Four components were selected for analysis: elemental sulfur, chlorine, chromium and nickel. The concn of these elements in aerosols of the MWFs used by the workers were determined. Associations between the element concn and the overshift FEV1 decrements were examined by case control techniques. The mean chlorine, chromium, nickel and sulfur concn in the straight MWF aerosols were 1.90, 0.16, 0.03 and 4.21 micrograms/cu m respectively. The mean concn of these elements in the water soluble MWF aerosols were 3.13, 0.15, 0.02 and 3.52 micrograms/cu m, respectively. Exposure to sulfur concn in the straight and soluble MWF combined was significantly associated with incr of sustaining a 5% or greater overshift decr in FEV1, odds ratio (OR) 3.3. This association was also seen when the sulfur concn of the straight and soluble MWFs was considered separately, ORs 5 and 2.9 respectively. ... A more detailed analysis of the association between sulfur and overshift FEV1 decr showed that the relative risk (RR) for sustaining a 5% overshift decr in FEV1 incr by 2.5 for every unit logarithmic incr in sulfur concn. On a linear scale, this indicated that the RR was 2.7 for sulfur concn above 5.6 micrograms/cu m compared to concn below 2.1 micrograms/cu m. ... [sama SR, et al; Amer J Indust Med 31 (6): 767-76 (1997)]**PEER REVIEWED** Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations: MAY CAUSE IRRITATION OF SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES. [budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1534]**PEER REVIEWED** .... May cause irritation to ... eye & resp tract. [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. , H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-116] **PEER REVIEWED** .... If spilled on clothing and allowed to remain, may cause smarting and reddening of the skin. [Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Sulphur (Draft) p.1 (1977)]**PEER REVIEWED** Drug Warnings: Local irritation of the skin, eyes, or resp tract may occur and, therefore, contact with eyes should be avoided. ... Repeated applications may cause dermatitis, sometimes severe (eg, dermatitis venenata). In concn greater than 15%, sulfur is very irritating to the skin. Sulfur ointment stains clothing, bedding, and metal, incl jewelry. ... Headache, vomiting, muscle cramps, dizziness, collapse ... has reportedly occurred following topical application of sulfur powder or sulfur ointment to pt with eczema. ... Topical application of a 10% sulfur ointment for 3 days on infants with scabies reportedly caused systemic toxicity and several deaths. [American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 88. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1988 (Plus supplements). 2047]**PEER REVIEWED** Topical preparations containing sulfur are intended for external use only. Topical sulfur containing preparations should not be used near the eyes ... .. If topical sulfur containing preparations are used for self medication and the condition worsens or persists after regular use as directed, a physician should be consulted. If excess skin irritation develops or incr during self-medication with a topical sulfur containing preparation, the drug should be discontinued and a physician or pharmacist consulted. ... When used for self medication of acne, topical sulfur containing preparations generally should not be used concurrently with other topical acne medications unless otherwise directed by a physician. [McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service - Drug Information 97. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1997 (Plus Supplements). 2759]**PEER REVIEWED** Topical preparations containing sulfur should not be used in children younger than 2 yr of age except under the direction and supervision of a physician. [McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service - Drug Information 97. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1997 (Plus Supplements). 2759]**PEER REVIEWED** Medical Surveillance: Employment examination should ensure that persons suffering from bronchitis or asthma /are protected against exposure/ to sulfur. In the periodical examination, clinical examination should be supplemented by chest X- ray. [international Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I & II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 2121]**PEER REVIEWED** Probable Routes of Human Exposure: SULFUR IS WIDELY USED & THERE ARE NUMEROUS OPERATIONS, SUCH AS SHOVELING, GRINDING, SCREENING, & BAGGING, WHERE SULFUR DUST IN CONSIDERABLE AMT IS FOUND IN THE ATMOSPHERE. [Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963. 892]**PEER REVIEWED** The greatest sulfur hazard is encountered in the traditional extraction of sulfur bearing rock, since the inhalation of the high concentrations of sulfur dust encountered in sulfur mines may have harmful effects on the respiratory system. [international Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I & II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 2121]**PEER REVIEWED** Sulfur reaches local water courses, in limited amounts by dusting of solid sulfur (state form) during transportation and handling at ports; runnoff from storage areas; and accidental spills. [Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Sulphur (Draft) p.39 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED** --------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- SULFUR CASRN: 7704-34-9 For other data, click on the Table of Contents Animal Toxicity Studies: Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts: ONSET OF SIGNS IS FAIRLY RAPID. IN HORSE & COW THERE IS PURGATION, SOMETIMES VIOLENT, DULLNESS, PALE, & DIRTY COLORED MUCOUS MEMBRANES, & WEAK, & RAPID PULSE. MOST OBVIOUS LESIONS ARE INTENSE INFLAMMATION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF GI TRACT, & CONGESTION OF VARIOUS ORGANS. [Humphreys, D.J. Veterinary Toxicology. 3rd ed. London, England: Bailliere Tindell, 1988. 73]**PEER REVIEWED** SHEEP WHICH HAD RECEIVED AVG OF 45 G OF SULFUR EACH HAD COLICKY PAINS, & WERE DEPRESSED, & UNWILLING TO STAND. THEY BREATHED HEAVILY, BREATH SMELLING OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE, & HAD BLACK DIARRHEA. TEMPERATURES WERE UP TO 40.5 DEG C. 35% OF ANIMALS DIED. POST MORTEM EXAMINATION SHOWED INTENSE INFLAMMATION OF ABOMASUM AND SMALL INTESTINE, KIDNEYS ACUTELY INFLAMED AND SOMETIMES ALMOST BLACK IN COLOR, AND PETECHIAL HEMORRHAGES THROUGHOUT THE BODY. [Humphreys, D.J. Veterinary Toxicology. 3rd ed. London, England: Bailliere Tindell, 1988. 73]**PEER REVIEWED** ORAL ADMIN OF 40 MG SULFUR/GUINEA PIG FOR 5 MO CAUSED INFLAMMATORY MICROSCOPIC INFILTRATIONS IN PAROTID GLANDS, DILATION OF BLOOD VESSELS, & LEACHING OF FAT BODIES FROM PAROTID CELLS. [JARZYNKA W, MIETKIEWSKA B; CZAS STOMATOL 32 (7): 637-41 (1979)] **PEER REVIEWED** Phytotoxic, to some extent, to a number of crops, incl cucurbits, apricots, raspberries, and certain other 'sulfur-shy' /sulfur sensitive plant/ varieties. [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A365/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED** The feeding of excess sulfur to ruminants can give rise to problems in that it may be rapidly converted to hydrogen sulfide in the rumen and poison the animal. This is most likely to occur when the dietary energy is being provided by low quality (relatively indigestible) roughages as apposed to highly digestible concentrated sources of energy such as grains and molasses. There is apparently no evidence that pastures can be contaminated with sulfur from the atmosphere to the extent that it will cause this type of problem in grazing animals. [Nat'l Research Council Canada; Effects of Sulfur and its Inorganic Derivatives in the Canadian Environ. p.222 (1977) NRCC No.15015] **PEER REVIEWED** Freshwater toxicology of sulfur on fish as follows: 16,000 ppm for 5 hr on goldfish resulted in 100% mortality under turbid water conditions; 10 to 80 ppm on goldfish resulted in a theoretical threshold; 10,000 ppm for 96 hr on mosquito fish was the resulting TLm under turbid water conditions; 1,600 for 3.5 to 5.25 hr on goldfish proved fatal under colloidal sulfur in tap water. [Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Sulfur (Draft) p.39 (1977)]**PEER REVIEWED** Ecotoxicity Values: TLm mosquito fish 10,000 ppm/96 hr (fresh water) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ [u.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data. Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER REVIEWED** Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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