Myelination of brain / Immunodeficent children

February 15, 2006

2 articles of interest

Subject: Myelination of language-related areas in the developing brain

NEUROLOGY 2006;66:339-343

Video - QuickTime movie; 4.46 MB

Myelination of language-related areas in the developing brain

J. Pujol, MD, C. Soriano-Mas, PhD, H. Ortiz, MSc, N. Sebastián-Gallés, PhD, J.

M. Losilla, PhD and J. Deus, PhD

>From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia (J.P., C.S.-M., H.O., J.D.), Parc de

Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Department of Basic Psychology (N.S.-G.),

University of Barcelona, Departments of Psychobiology and Methodology (J.M.L.)

and Clinical and Health Psychology (J.D.), Autonomous University of Barcelona,

Spain.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. J. Pujol, Institut d'Alta

Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Passeig Marítim 25-29,

Barcelona 08003, Spain; e-mail: jpujol@...

Background: The rapid development of language abilities in early childhood

coincides with a similarly accelerated progression in brain maturation.

Objective: To quantitate myelination in the lateral part of the verbal left

hemisphere from birth to 3 years in the living human brain.

Methods: One hundred children (mean age 16.6 months) were examined using

three-dimensional MRI, and a subgroup of 40 children were also evaluated

behaviorally. The volume of myelinated white matter was measured in

language-related temporal and frontal regions and in the central sensorimotor

region. A method was developed to compose a movie sequence for all the

myelination process using volumetric data.

Results: A plot of age against relative volume of myelinated white matter

graphically detailed the myelination progress in the lateral brain. The changes

started in sensorimotor white matter and the Heschl gyrus and ultimately

extended to the language-related areas. Both comprehension and production

regions showed a very similar myelination course, suggesting simultaneous

maturation of the temporofrontal language network. The movie sequence of white

matter images dynamically displayed the anatomic details of myelin deposition in

this part of the brain. The analysis of language performance showed acceleration

in children's vocabulary after 18 months, once a rapid myelination phase was

attained in the language brain.

Conclusions: This volumetric study may contribute to further characterize the

early stages of brain maturation by showing the fine progression of myelin

deposition in the language domains and illustrating its relationship to

children's vocabulary acquisition.

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Subject: Significant Behavioral Problems in Immunodeficient Children

Source: American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI)

Released: Wed 15-Feb-2006, 09:00 ET

Significant Behavioral Problems in Immunodeficient Children

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Medical News Keywords

PEDIATRIC IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS

Contact Information

Available for logged-in reporters only

Description

Children with pediatric immunodeficiency disorders (PIDDs) have an

increased risk of behavioral and emotional difficulties. Investigators evaluated

20 children with PIDDs and 20 children with asthma to compare the chronic

disease burden.

Newswise - Children with pediatric immunodeficiency disorders (PIDDs) have an

increased risk of behavioral and emotional difficulties according to a study

published this month in ls of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, the scientific

journal of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI).

Piazza-Waggoner, Ph.D., post-doctoral fellow at Cincinnati Children's

Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, and colleagues reported that children with

immunodeficiency disorders are highly susceptible to infections and have higher

rates of lung disease and asthma, cancer, and gastrointestinal complications

than the general population.

Their investigation evaluated 20 children with PIDDs and 20 children with asthma

to compare the chronic disease burden. Responses of the children and their

caregivers to validated psychosocial questionnaire forms were compared to normal

data.

" We found that children with PIDDs in general had increased rates of

psychological difficulties, with the exception of conduct problems, when

compared with a normative sample, " wrote the authors. They identified the

problem areas including depression, anxiety, somatization, social withdrawal and

difficulties with social skills.

Since children with greater disease severity had poorer psychosocial outcomes,

authors suggest that clinicians " should recognize that disease severity seems to

be a good indicator for more closely monitoring psychosocial issues in patients

with PIDDs. "

When surveyed about themselves, 20 percent of parents of youth with PIDDS

reported significant elevations of psychological distress. Authors noted that

this may account for some of the discrepancy between the caregiver and child

reports on the child's behavior, since distressed caregivers may view their

child's behavior more negatively.

Older children with PIDDs reported having lower social skills, lower leadership

skills and greater general anxiety compared with their younger counterparts.

" This study highlights the need for further research in psychosocial functions

of children with PIDDs in an effort to develop interventions to promote their

overall adjustment, " the authors concluded.

The first national survey by the Immune Deficiency Foundation estimated a total

of 50,000 diagnosed cases of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs), of which

approximately 40 percent are children and adolescents younger than 18 years.

Editorial author Chitra Dinakar, M.D., associate professor, Department of

Pediatrics at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, wrote that the most common

diagnoses in the Foundation's survey responses were common variable

immunodeficiency (CVID, 34 percent), IgG subclass deficiency (24 percent), IgA

subclass deficiency (17 percent) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (8 percent).

The diagnosis of PID was frequently delayed according to the Foundation's survey

findings, resulting in a heavy burden of disease. Patients often experienced two

or more hospitalizations and repeated infections before diagnosis, noted Dr.

Dinakar.

" Looking at the brighter side, it is heartening to note that patients with PIDs

reported that effective treatment significantly reduced the burden of disease, "

wrote Dr. Dinakar. " There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of

pneumonia, bronchitis, diarrhea and repeated ear infections and a 50 percent

reduction in hospitalization rate after diagnosis. "

The ACAAI is a professional medical organization comprising more than 5,000

qualified allergists-immunologists and related health care professionals. The

College is dedicated to the clinical practice of allergy, asthma and immunology

through education and research to promote the highest quality of patient care.

Citations:

Piazza-Waggoner C, et al. Child and caregiver psychosocial functioning in

pediatric immunodeficiency disorders. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol

2006;96:298-303.

Dinakar C. Guest editorial. Alleviating disease burden in primary

immunodeficiency diseases. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006;96:260-262.

February 17, 2006

How interesting! That's probably why LDN helps with

language, it helps increase myelination.

On Feb 15, 2006, at 6:54 PM, Doris and Steve wrote:

> 2 articles of interest

>

> Subject: Myelination of language-related areas in the developing brain

>

> NEUROLOGY 2006;66:339-343

>

> Video - QuickTime movie; 4.46 MB

> Myelination of language-related areas in the developing brain

> J. Pujol, MD, C. Soriano-Mas, PhD, H. Ortiz, MSc, N. Sebastián-Gallés,

> PhD, J. M. Losilla, PhD and J. Deus, PhD

>> From the Institut d'Alta Tecnologia (J.P., C.S.-M., H.O., J.D.), Parc

>> de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Department of Basic Psychology

>> (N.S.-G.), University of Barcelona, Departments of Psychobiology and

>> Methodology (J.M.L.) and Clinical and Health Psychology (J.D.),

>> Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.

>

> Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. J. Pujol, Institut

> d'Alta Tecnologia, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Passeig

> Marítim 25-29, Barcelona 08003, Spain; e-mail: jpujol@...

>

> Background: The rapid development of language abilities in early

> childhood coincides with a similarly accelerated progression in brain

> maturation.

>

> Objective: To quantitate myelination in the lateral part of the verbal

> left hemisphere from birth to 3 years in the living human brain.

>

> Methods: One hundred children (mean age 16.6 months) were examined

> using three-dimensional MRI, and a subgroup of 40 children were also

> evaluated behaviorally. The volume of myelinated white matter was

> measured in language-related temporal and frontal regions and in the

> central sensorimotor region. A method was developed to compose a movie

> sequence for all the myelination process using volumetric data.

>

> Results: A plot of age against relative volume of myelinated white

> matter graphically detailed the myelination progress in the lateral

> brain. The changes started in sensorimotor white matter and the Heschl

> gyrus and ultimately extended to the language-related areas. Both

> comprehension and production regions showed a very similar myelination

> course, suggesting simultaneous maturation of the temporofrontal

> language network. The movie sequence of white matter images

> dynamically displayed the anatomic details of myelin deposition in

> this part of the brain. The analysis of language performance showed

> acceleration in children's vocabulary after 18 months, once a rapid

> myelination phase was attained in the language brain.

>

> Conclusions: This volumetric study may contribute to further

> characterize the early stages of brain maturation by showing the fine

> progression of myelin deposition in the language domains and

> illustrating its relationship to children's vocabulary acquisition.

>

> -----------------------------------------------------------------------

> ---------

>

> [This message contained attachments]

>

> _______________________________________________________________________

> _

> _______________________________________________________________________

> _

>

> Subject: Significant Behavioral Problems in Immunodeficient Children

>

> Source: American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology

> (ACAAI) Released: Wed 15-Feb-2006, 09:00 ET

>

> Significant Behavioral Problems in Immunodeficient Children

> Libraries

> Medical News Keywords

> PEDIATRIC IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS

> Contact Information

>

> Available for logged-in reporters only

> Description

>

> Children with pediatric immunodeficiency disorders (PIDDs) have

> an increased risk of behavioral and emotional difficulties.

> Investigators evaluated 20 children with PIDDs and 20 children with

> asthma to compare the chronic disease burden.

>

> Newswise - Children with pediatric immunodeficiency disorders (PIDDs)

> have an increased risk of behavioral and emotional difficulties

> according to a study published this month in ls of Allergy, Asthma

> & Immunology, the scientific journal of the American College of

> Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI).

>

> Piazza-Waggoner, Ph.D., post-doctoral fellow at Cincinnati

> Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, and colleagues

> reported that children with immunodeficiency disorders are highly

> susceptible to infections and have higher rates of lung disease and

> asthma, cancer, and gastrointestinal complications than the general

> population.

>

> Their investigation evaluated 20 children with PIDDs and 20 children

> with asthma to compare the chronic disease burden. Responses of the

> children and their caregivers to validated psychosocial questionnaire

> forms were compared to normal data.

>

> " We found that children with PIDDs in general had increased rates of

> psychological difficulties, with the exception of conduct problems,

> when compared with a normative sample, " wrote the authors. They

> identified the problem areas including depression, anxiety,

> somatization, social withdrawal and difficulties with social skills.

>

> Since children with greater disease severity had poorer psychosocial

> outcomes, authors suggest that clinicians " should recognize that

> disease severity seems to be a good indicator for more closely

> monitoring psychosocial issues in patients with PIDDs. "

>

> When surveyed about themselves, 20 percent of parents of youth with

> PIDDS reported significant elevations of psychological distress.

> Authors noted that this may account for some of the discrepancy

> between the caregiver and child reports on the child's behavior, since

> distressed caregivers may view their child's behavior more negatively.

>

> Older children with PIDDs reported having lower social skills, lower

> leadership skills and greater general anxiety compared with their

> younger counterparts.

>

> " This study highlights the need for further research in psychosocial

> functions of children with PIDDs in an effort to develop interventions

> to promote their overall adjustment, " the authors concluded.

>

> The first national survey by the Immune Deficiency Foundation

> estimated a total of 50,000 diagnosed cases of primary

> immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs), of which approximately 40 percent

> are children and adolescents younger than 18 years.

>

> Editorial author Chitra Dinakar, M.D., associate professor, Department

> of Pediatrics at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, wrote that

> the most common diagnoses in the Foundation's survey responses were

> common variable immunodeficiency (CVID, 34 percent), IgG subclass

> deficiency (24 percent), IgA subclass deficiency (17 percent) and

> X-linked agammaglobulinemia (8 percent).

>

> The diagnosis of PID was frequently delayed according to the

> Foundation's survey findings, resulting in a heavy burden of disease.

> Patients often experienced two or more hospitalizations and repeated

> infections before diagnosis, noted Dr. Dinakar.

>

> " Looking at the brighter side, it is heartening to note that patients

> with PIDs reported that effective treatment significantly reduced the

> burden of disease, " wrote Dr. Dinakar. " There was a significant

> decrease in the prevalence of pneumonia, bronchitis, diarrhea and

> repeated ear infections and a 50 percent reduction in hospitalization

> rate after diagnosis. "

>

> The ACAAI is a professional medical organization comprising more than

> 5,000 qualified allergists-immunologists and related health care

> professionals. The College is dedicated to the clinical practice of

> allergy, asthma and immunology through education and research to

> promote the highest quality of patient care.

>

> Citations:

>

> Piazza-Waggoner C, et al. Child and caregiver psychosocial functioning

> in pediatric immunodeficiency disorders. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol

> 2006;96:298-303.

>

> Dinakar C. Guest editorial. Alleviating disease burden in primary

> immunodeficiency diseases. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006;96:260-262.

>

> Responsibility for the content of this message lies strictly with

> the original author(s), and is not necessarily endorsed by or the

> opinion of the Research Institute and/or the Parent

> Coalition.

>

February 18, 2006

LDN is alternative Dan medicine and not used by doctors

base2 <base2@...> wrote: How interesting! That's probably why LDN helps

with