Re: Urban Air Pollution Targets the Dorsal Vagal Complex and Dark Chocolate Offers Neuroprotection

[Guest guest]

raw cacao is much better.

you can make your own chocolate with extra virgin coconut oil and stevia

On Sun, Feb 27, 2011 at 6:01 PM, Binstock wrote:

>

>

> Urban Air Pollution Targets the Dorsal Vagal Complex and Dark Chocolate

> Offers Neuroprotection. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030725>

> Villarreal-Calderon R, -Jardon R, Palacios-Moreno J, Osnaya N,

> -Guille B, Maronpot R, W, Zhu H, Calderon-Garciduenas L.

> Int J Toxicol. 2010 Oct 28.

>

> Mexico City (MC) residents exposed to fine particulate matter and

> endotoxin exhibit inflammation of the olfactory bulb, substantia nigra,

> and vagus nerve. The goal of this study was to model these endpoints in

> mice and examine the neuroprotective effects of chocolate. Mice exposed

> to MC air received no treatment or oral dark chocolate and were compared

> to clean-air mice either untreated or treated intraperitoneally with

> endotoxin. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1?), and

> CD14 messenger RNA (mRNA) were quantified after 4, 8, and 16 months of

> exposure in target brain regions. After 16 months of exposure, the

> dorsal vagal complex (DVC) exhibited significant inflammation in

> endotoxin-treated and MC mice (COX-2 and IL-1? P < .001). Mexico City

> mice had olfactory bulb upregulation of CD14 (P = .002) and significant

> DVC imbalance in genes for antioxidant defenses, apoptosis, and

> neurodegeneration. These findings demonstrate sustained DVC inflammation

> in mice exposed to MC air, which is mitigated by chocolate administration.

>

> my favorite:

> dagoba 87%

> http://tinyurl.com/2835phu

>

>