IL6

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Interleukin 6

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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine> secreted by T cells

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell> and macrophages

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage> to stimulate immune response

to trauma, especially burns or other tissue damage leading to

inflammation. Additionally osteoblasts

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblast> to stimulate osteoclast

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoclast> formation. Inhibitors of IL-6

(including estrogen <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen>) are used to

treat postmenopausal osteoporosis

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoporosis>. IL-6 is one of the most

important mediators of fever and of the acute phase response

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_phase_response>. In the muscle and

fatty tissue IL-6 stimulates energy mobilization which leads to

increased body temperature. IL-6 can be secreted by macrophages in

response to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) binding the

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) present on an active macrophage.

Recently, it has been shown that IL-6 also acts as a " myokine, " a

cytokine produced from muscle, and is elevated in response to muscle

contraction[1] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_6#_note-0>

IL-6 mediates its responses through cell surface receptors that include

the transmambrane protein gp130. IL-6 triggers the formation of protein

complexes of gp130 and the IL-6 receptor activating the receptor. These

complexes bring together the intracellular regions of gp130 and

initiates the signal transduction cascade through Janus kinases (JAKs)

and Signal Transducers and Activators of transcription (STATs).

IL-6 is probably the best studied of the cytokines that utilise gp130 in

their signalling complexes. Other cytokines that signal through

receptors containing gp130 are Interleukin-11 (IL-11), Ciliary

Neurotrophic factor

<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciliary_Neurotrophic_factor & action=ed\

it>

(CNTF), Cardiotrophin-1

<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cardiotrophin-1 & action=edit>

(CT-1), cardiotrophin like cytokine (CLC), Leukemia inhibitory factor

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor> (LIF),

Oncostatin M <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncostatin_M> (OSM), Kaposi's

sarcoma associated herpes virus interleukin 6 like protein (KSHV-IL6).

These cytokines are comonly refered to as the IL-6 like or gp130

utilising cytokines.