Vaccine-strain Varicella Shedding Detected Up to Month After Zoster Vaccination - otitis signif

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*/Varicella Shedding Detected Up to Month After Zoster Vaccination/*

By: BRUCE JANCIN, Internal Medicine News Digital Network

http://www.internalmedicinenews.com/news/infectious-diseases/single-article/vari\

cella-shedding-detected-up-to-month-after-zoster-vaccination/8f6b51d39f.html

NEW ORLEANS -- Varicella zoster virus DNA was detected in subjects'

saliva for a month after immunization with the Zostavax herpes zoster

vaccine in a prospective study. Genotypic analysis demonstrated that the

varicella zoster virus that was present in saliva was indeed the

Zostavax live attenuated vaccine virus, Dr. M. DiGiorgio said

at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology....

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Do viruses cause inner ear disturbances?

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235204>

Pyykko I, Zou J.

ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2008;70(1):32-40; discussion 40-1

The association of viral infection to inner ear disease is

controversial. Experiments on animals show that several viruses are

capable of causing hearing loss, if applied into the perilymph. Some of

these have specific affinity to the cellular type of the inner ear, as

sensory epithelia and cochlear nerve. Some viruses as adenoviruses and

sackie virus B have specific CAR receptors that are identified in

different cell types, whereas other act by attaching onto nonspecific

cellular surface receptors. Some viruses such as varicella zoster virus

(VZV) do not cause disease in rodents. We assessed 273 patients with

clinical, serological, neuro-otologic and endoscopic evaluations. Of the

273 patients, 43 served as control subjects. The patients either had

Ménière's disease (n = 158), recurrent vertigo of unknown etiology (n =

56), or hearing loss (n = 17). Antibodies against neurotropic and common

viruses were evaluated. VZV, influenza B, CBV5 and RSV titers were

significantly elevated in patients with inner ear disease when compared

with the control group. In analyzing the internal relationship, VZV and

influenza B were intercorrelated. We did not find a correlation between

hearing loss and viral titers. In conclusion, VZV, sackie virus B5

and influenza B virus may be the main causes of inner ear disorder. The

spiral and Scarpa's ganglion are potential sites harboring viral DNA for

possible latent infection.

© 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

Presence of herpesviruses in middle ear fluid of children with otitis

media with effusion. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17250503>

Bulut Y, Karlidag T, Seyrek A, Keles E, Toraman ZA.

Pediatr Int. 2007 Feb;49(1):36-9.

BACKGROUND: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a disease that

frequently occurs in children. Etiopathogenesis of the diseases has not

been completely elucidated. There are limited numbers of studies on the

presence of herpesviruses in otitis media cases with OME. The present

study was undertaken to determine the rate of some herpesviruses in OME

cases of children.

METHODS: A total of 92-middle ear fluids were collected from 51

children. The samples were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction

(PCR) for detection of herpesviruses including Herpes simplex virus

(HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), and

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

RESULTS: PCR analysis of the 92 samples showed that genomes of EBV in 12

(13.04%), HSV in seven (7.60%), CMV in five (5.43%), and VZV in three

(3.26%) were present. Two of these samples were positive for both HSV

and EBV genomes. Therefore, 25 (27.17%) of the samples were determined

to be infected with any of the herpesviruses tested.

CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, herpesviruses were determined at a

high rate in middle ear fluids of children with OME. However, the

present study is a preliminary study and more extensive studies,

especially experimental studies, are required to elucidate the role of

herpesviruses in pathogenesis of OME and whether there is a relation

between rate of herpesviruses in OME cases, and the reactivation of

latent infections.

Presence of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus in middle ear

fluids from children with acute otitis media.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1330014>

Chonmaitree T, Owen MJ, Patel JA, Hedgpeth D, Horlick D, Howie VM.

Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Oct;15(4):650-3.

Twenty-seven (10%) of 271 infants and children with acute otitis media

(AOM) were found to be infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) or herpes

simplex virus type 1 (HSV). CMV or HSV, alone or in combination with

bacteria or other viruses, was isolated from the middle ear fluid (MEF)

of 10 patients. In three cases, CMV alone was isolated from the MEF, and

in one case, HSV alone was isolated. One of the CMV cases involved an

acute primary or reactivation of CMV infection, with CMV-bacterial

otitis and conjunctivitis as major manifestations. One patient with AOM

and stomatitis had purulent otitis associated with the presence of HSV

in MEF, with no other bacterial or viral pathogens noted in MEF or nasal

wash specimens. While most patients with CMV infection were probably

asymptomatic excreters at the time of development of AOM, CMV did enter

the middle ear. The presence of CMV in MEF was prolonged, and the

patients continued to have clinical signs of otitis despite negative

bacterial cultures. Among patients with bacterial otitis, a higher

proportion of those who had CMV found only in nasal wash specimens had

persistent bacteria in MEF, compared with those who were concurrently

infected with other viruses (57% vs. 19%; P less than .04). This report

is the first to suggest an etiologic role for CMV and HSV in AOM.