innate/inflammatory and CMI cytokine responses to measles vaccine vary significantly by gender and race

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Associations Between Demographic Variables and Multiple Measles-Specific

Innate and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses After Measles Vaccination.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22239234>

Umlauf BJ, Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Pankratz VS,

son RM, Poland GA.

Viral Immunol. 2012 Jan 12.

Measles remains a public health concern due to a lack of vaccine use and

vaccine failure. A better understanding of the factors that influence

variations in immune responses, including innate/inflammatory and

adaptive cellular immune responses, following measles-mumps-rubella

(MMR) vaccination could increase our knowledge of measles

vaccine-induced immunity and potentially lead to better vaccines.

Measles-specific innate/inflammatory and adaptive cell-mediated immune

(CMI) responses were characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent

assays to quantify the levels of secreted IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-?,

IFN-?, IFN-?1, and TNF-? in PBMC cultures following in vitro stimulation

with measles virus (MV) in a cohort of 764 school-aged children. IFN-?

ELISPOT assays were performed to ascertain the number of

measles-specific IFN-?-secreting cells. Cytokine responses were then

tested for associations with self-declared demographic data, including

gender, race, and ethnicity. Females secreted significantly more TNF-?,

IL-6, and IFN-? (p<0.001, p<0.002, p<0.04, respectively) compared to

males. Caucasians secreted significantly more IFN-?1, IL-10, IL-2,

TNF-?, IL-6, and IFN-? (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.003, p<0.01, and

p<0.02, respectively) compared to the other racial groups combined.

Additionally, Caucasians had a greater number of IFN-?-secreting cells

compared to other racial groups (p<0.001). Ethnicity was not

significantly correlated with variations in measles-specific CMI

measures. Our data suggest that innate/inflammatory and CMI cytokine

responses to measles vaccine vary significantly by gender and race.

These data further advance our understanding regarding inter-individual

and subgroup variations in immune responses to measles vaccination.