PD Alz TGase : Gluten-free diet decreased expression of tissue transglutaminase - autism subgroup

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Tissue transglutaminase and Parkinson's (eg, 3-7), see also

gastrointestinalities and Parkinson's (8-9).

Tissue transglutaminase and Alzheimer's (eg, 10-13).

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Tissue transglutaminase 2 is linked with inappropriate alpha-synuclein

and with inappropriate beta-amyloid, the latter providing a potential

link with an */autism subgroup/* (2). Of course, IgA antibodies against

tissue transglutaminase are prominent in celiac disease. Fascinatingly

and perhaps importantly, tissue transglutaminase irregularities may play

a role in Parkinson's (alpha-synuclein) and in Alzheimer's

(beta-amyloid), even in individuals who seem to have neither celiac

disease nor apparent gluten hypersensitivity.

According to Pubmed, Michaëlsson et al 2003 (1) is cited by no other

studies, despite the seeming significance of a gluten-free diet's

lowering of tissue transglutaminase.

Given that many autistic children respond well to a gluten-free diet,

and given aberrant utilization of tissue transglutaminase in both

Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, there seems a possibility that excessive

consumption of gluten has an unexpectedly large range of adverse phenotypes.

//

1. Gluten-free diet in psoriasis patients with antibodies to gliadin

results in decreased expression of tissue transglutaminase and fewer

Ki67+ cells in the dermis. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14690336>

Michaëlsson G, Ahs S, Hammarström I, Lundin IP, Hagforsen E.

Acta Derm Venereol. 2003;83(6):425-9.

http://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/?doi=10.1080/00015550310015022

2. High levels of Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in

children with severely autistic behavior and aggression.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16948926>

Sokol DK, Chen D, Farlow MR, Dunn DW, Maloney B, Zimmer JA, Lahiri DK.

J Child Neurol. 2006 Jun;21(6):444-9.

3. Tissue transglutaminase catalyzes the formation of alpha-synuclein

crosslinks in Parkinson's disease.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001552>

Andringa G, Lam KY, Chegary M, Wang X, Chase TN, MC.

FASEB J. 2004 May;18(7):932-4.

http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long & pmid=15001552

4. Tissue transglutaminase-induced aggregation of alpha-synuclein:

Implications for Lewy body formation in Parkinson's disease and dementia

with Lewy bodies. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12576551>

Junn E, Ronchetti RD, Quezado MM, Kim SY, Mouradian MM.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Feb 18;100(4):2047-52.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/12576551/?tool=pubmed

5. Serine 129 Phosphorylation of ?-Synuclein Cross-Links with Tissue

Transglutaminase to Form Lewy Body-Like Inclusion Bodies.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22389828>

Bi W, Zhang G, Sun Y, Zhu L, Wang C, Liang Y, Shi Q, Tao E.

ISRN Neurol. 2011;2011:732879. Epub 2011 Apr 11.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22389828/?tool=pubmed

6. Dissecting the mechanisms of tissue transglutaminase-induced

cross-linking of alpha-synuclein: implications for the pathogenesis of

Parkinson disease. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164286>

Schmid AW, Chiappe D, Pignat V, Grimminger V, Hang I, Moniatte M,

Lashuel HA.

J Biol Chem. 2009 May 8;284(19):13128-42

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19164286/?tool=pubmed

7. Presence of tissue transglutaminase in granular endoplasmic reticulum

is characteristic of melanized neurons in Parkinson's disease brain.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20731657>

Wilhelmus MM, Verhaar R, Andringa G, Bol JG, Cras P, Shan L, Hoozemans

JJ, Drukarch B.

Brain Pathol. 2011 Mar;21(2):130-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2010.00429.x.

8. Increased intestinal permeability correlates with sigmoid mucosa

alpha-synuclein staining and endotoxin exposure markers in early

Parkinson's disease. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22145021>

Forsyth CB, KM, Kordower JH, Voigt RM, Shaikh M, Jaglin JA,

Estes JD, Dodiya HB, Keshavarzian A.

PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28032.

http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028032

9. Is alpha-synuclein in the colon a biomarker for premotor Parkinson's

Disease? Evidence from 3 cases.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22550057>

KM, Keshavarzian A, Dodiya HB, Jakate S, Kordower JH.

Mov Disord. 2012 May;27(6):716-9.

10. Transglutaminase induces protofibril-like amyloid beta-protein

assemblies that are protease-resistant and inhibit long-term

potentiation. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18397883>

Hartley DM, Zhao C, Speier AC, Woodard GA, Li S, Li Z, Walz T.

J Biol Chem. 2008 Jun 13;283(24):16790-800.

http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long & pmid=18397883

11. Transglutaminase-mediated intramolecular cross-linking of

membrane-bound alpha-synuclein promotes amyloid formation in Lewy

bodies. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19651786>

Nemes Z, Petrovski G, Aerts M, Sergeant K, Devreese B, Fésüs L.

J Biol Chem. 2009 Oct 2;284(40):27252-64.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19651786/?tool=pubmed

12. Cognitive performance correlates with cortical isopeptide

immunoreactivity as well as Alzheimer type pathology.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18334757>

Wang DS, Uchikado H, DA, Schneider JA, Mufson EJ, Wu J, Dickson DW.

J Alzheimers Dis. 2008 Feb;13(1):53-66.

13. Physio-pathological roles of transglutaminase-catalyzed reactions.

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21541002>

Ricotta M, Iannuzzi M, Vivo GD, Gentile V.

World J Biol Chem. 2010 May 26;1(5):181-7.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21541002/?tool=pubmed