Thimerosal induces TH2 responses via influencing cytokine secretion by human dendritic cells - depletes GSH

[Guest guest]

Agrawal et al 2007 is one of the cites in Deth et al 2008.

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free online:

http://www.jleukbio.org/cgi/reprint/81/2/474

J Leukocyte Biol. 2007 Feb;81(2):474-82. Epub 2006 Nov 1.

Thimerosal induces TH2 responses via influencing cytokine secretion by

human dendritic cells.

Agrawal A, Kaushal P, Agrawal S, Gollapudi S, Gupta S.

Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California,

Irvine, CA 92697, USA. aagrawal@...

Thimerosal is an organic mercury compound that is used as a preservative

in vaccines and pharmaceutical products. Recent studies have shown a

TH2-skewing effect of mercury, although the underlying mechanisms have

not been identified. In this study, we investigated whether thimerosal

can exercise a TH2-promoting effect through modulation of functions of

dendritic cells (DC). Thimerosal, in a concentration-dependent manner,

inhibited the secretion of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines

TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p70 from human monocyte-derived DC. However,

the secretion of IL-10 from DC was not affected. These

thimerosal-exposed DC induced increased TH2 (IL-5 and IL-13) and

decreased TH1 (IFN-gamma) cytokine secretion from the T cells in the

absence of additional thimerosal added to the coculture. Thimerosal

exposure of DC led to the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH),

and addition of exogenous GSH to DC abolished the TH2-promoting effect

of thimerosal-treated DC, restoring secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and

IL-12p70 by DC and IFN-gamma secretion by T cells. These data suggest

that modulation of TH2 responses by mercury and thimerosal, in

particular, is through depletion of GSH in DC.

PMID: 17079650

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[Abstract/Free Full Text]

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How environmental and genetic factors combine to cause autism: A

redox/methylation hypothesis

/Volume 29, Issue 1, (January 2008)

Pages 190-201/

Deth, Muratore, Benzecry, Verna-Ann

Power-Charnitsky and Mostafa Waly

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