how lifestyle impacts neuronal and cognitive health: Revenge of the sit

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The " Related articles " for cite-1 seem wonderfully relevant, eg, cite 5

about oxidative stress, which is elevated in many autistic children.

Only a small sampling of the related articles is included herein. Visit

the link to see more of the findings relating exercise to neuronal

plasticity.

Personally, one reason I am an environmental refugee from pollution in

Estes Park and Rocky Mtn Ntl Park derives from my need for regular,

mildly strenuous exercise - which is contraindicated during days of high

pollution. Do parents see similar effects of exercise for the autistic

child? 'Tis one thing to remember the virtual shibboleth that exercise

helps health. What's important herein is the degree of documentation

regarding exercise and brain function, even restoration of brain function.

- - - -

Revenge of the " sit " : how lifestyle impacts neuronal and cognitive

health through molecular systems that interface energy metabolism with

neuronal plasticity.

Vaynman S, Gomez-Pinilla F.

J Neurosci Res. 2006 Sep;84(4):699-715.

Exercise, a behavior that is inherently associated with energy

metabolism, impacts the molecular systems important for synaptic

plasticity and learning and memory. This implies that a close

association must exist between these systems to ensure proper neuronal

function. This review emphasizes the ability of exercise and other

lifestyle implementations that modulate energy metabolism, such as diet,

to impact brain function. Mechanisms believed to interface metabolism

and cognition seem to play a critical role with the brain derived

neurotrophic factor (BDNF) system. Behaviors concerned with activity and

metabolism may have developed simultaneously and interdependently during

evolution to determine the influence of exercise and diet on cognition.

A look into our evolutionary past indicates that our genome remains

unchanged from the times of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, whose active

lifestyle predominated throughout almost 100% of humankind's existence.

Consequently, the sedentary lifestyle and eating behaviors enabled by

the comforts of technologic progress may be reaping " revenge " on the

health of both our bodies and brains. In the 21st century we are

confronted by the ever-increasing incidence of metabolic disorders in

both the adult and child population. The ability of exercise and diet to

impact systems that promote cell survival and plasticity may be

applicable for combating the deleterious effects of disease and ageing

on brain health and cognition.

PMID: 16862541

» See all Related Articles...

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2: Vaynman S, Gomez-Pinilla F.

License to run: exercise impacts functional plasticity in the intact

and injured

central nervous system by using neurotrophins.

Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2005 Dec;19(4):283-95. Review.

PMID: 16263961

3: Gomez-Pinilla F.

The influences of diet and exercise on mental health through hormesis.

Ageing Res Rev. 2008 Jan;7(1):49-62. Epub 2007 May 5. Review.

PMID: 17604236

4: Ding Q, Vaynman S, Akhavan M, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F.

Insulin-like growth factor I interfaces with brain-derived neurotrophic

factor-mediated synaptic plasticity to modulate aspects of exercise-induced

cognitive function.

Neuroscience. 2006 Jul 7;140(3):823-33. Epub 2006 May 2.

PMID: 16650607

5: Wu A, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F.

The interplay between oxidative stress and brain-derived neurotrophic

factor

modulates the outcome of a saturated fat diet on synaptic plasticity and

cognition.

Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Apr;19(7):1699-707.

PMID: 15078544

6: Vaynman S, Ying Z, Wu A, Gomez-Pinilla F.

Coupling energy metabolism with a mechanism to support brain-derived

neurotrophic

factor-mediated synaptic plasticity.

Neuroscience. 2006;139(4):1221-34. Epub 2006 Mar 31.

PMID: 16580138

7: Pinilla FG.

The impact of diet and exercise on brain plasticity and disease.

Nutr Health. 2006;18(3):277-84. Review.

PMID: 17180873

8: Cotman CW, Berchtold NC.

Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity.

Trends Neurosci. 2002 Jun;25(6):295-301. Review.

PMID: 12086747

9: Kramer AF, kson KI.

Capitalizing on cortical plasticity: influence of physical activity on

cognition

and brain function.

Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Aug;11(8):342-8. Epub 2007 Jul 12. Review.

PMID: 17629545

10: Wu A, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F.

Dietary curcumin counteracts the outcome of traumatic brain injury on

oxidative

stress, synaptic plasticity, and cognition.

Exp Neurol. 2006 Feb;197(2):309-17. Epub 2005 Dec 20.

PMID: 16364299

11: Dishman RK, Berthoud HR, Booth FW, Cotman CW, Edgerton VR, Fleshner MR,

Gandevia SC, Gomez-Pinilla F, Greenwood BN, Hillman CH, Kramer AF, Levin BE,

Moran TH, Russo-Neustadt AA, Salamone JD, Van Hoomissen JD, Wade CE,

York DA,

Zigmond MJ.

Neurobiology of exercise.

Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Mar;14(3):345-56. Review.

PMID: 16648603

12: Mattson MP, Maudsley S, B.

BDNF and 5-HT: a dynamic duo in age-related neuronal plasticity and

neurodegenerative disorders.

Trends Neurosci. 2004 Oct;27(10):589-94.

PMID: 15374669

13: Hillman CH, kson KI, Kramer AF.

Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition.

Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Jan;9(1):58-65. Review.

PMID: 18094706

14: Stein DJ, M, s W, Noakes TD, Zigmond M.

Mind and muscle: the cognitive-affective neuroscience of exercise.

CNS Spectr. 2007 Jan;12(1):19-22. Review.

PMID: 17192760

15: MG.

The mystery of sleep function: current perspectives and future directions.

Rev Neurosci. 2006;17(4):375-92. Review.

PMID: 17139839