Guest guest Posted November 8, 2006 Report Share Posted November 8, 2006 Yes, I will be on my way to the Big Island on January 15th. Cannot wait, but the weather here has been so good (80 degrees today) that I want it to get cold and wintery here so I will feel like I am escaping. Lynda At 11:11 PM 11/8/2006, you wrote: >Wish I was in Hawaii right now - I need a holiday! > >Love & Blessings, > >Sunny > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Dearest Rogene: > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Thank you for posting this information and for > > the " contact " . I > > > > > > >still have folders that will not be deleted, but some of >the > > > hard > > > > > > >copies have been destroyed. It hurts to help me to > > > destroy > > > > >all > > > > > > >of my hard work, but we have no choice. This was not about > > > money, > > > > >I > > > > > > >just knew too much in an Oil Rich province. > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Love you honey...Lea > > > > > > >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`` > > > > > > > Fwd: Immunosciences Lab: >Autoimmune > > > > >Diseases > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmune Diseases > > > > > > >Page 1 of 2 > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmunity, in which the immune system recognizes and > > attacks > > > > >the > > > > > > >self's own tissue, is not as simple as it seems. Self- > > > recognition > > > > > > >appears to be at the heart of health as well as of certain > > > > >diseases. > > > > > > > It is generally assumed that the main job of the immune > > system > > > > >is > > > > > > > to distinguish between what is " self " and what is " not > > self " . > > > > >Once > > > > > > > the distinction has been made, " self " is pre-served >and " not > > > > >self " > > > > > > > is destroyed. At the most general level, of course, this >is > > > true, > > > > > > > and human beings remain alive and healthy only because it > > is > > > so. > > > > > > > Recently it has become clear, however, that at a finer > > level > > > of > > > > > > > detail the distinction between self and other is not > > absolute. > > > > >One > > > > > > > of the paths to this insight has been provided by the > > > autoimmune > > > > > > > disorders, in which the immune system attacks normal, > > healthy > > > > > > > tissue. Autoimmune disease, which may be crippling or > > fatal, > > > can > > > > > > > strike any tissue or organ. Its victims are often in the > > > prime of > > > > > > > life, and for unknown reasons they are more frequently > > women > > > than > > > > >men. > > > > > > >Research work on a form of autoimmune arthritis shows that > > the > > > > >basis > > > > > > >of autoimmunity may be a resemblance between a specific > > foreign > > > > > > >molecule and a molecule of the self. This finding is > > consistent > > > > >with > > > > > > >a model of the immune system in which the immune system > > > receptors > > > > > > >that perform the work of recognition can themselves be > > > recognized > > > > >by > > > > > > >other receptors. Such " self-recognition, " which was >strictly > > > > > > >outlawed by older models of the immune sys-tem, may form >the > > > basis > > > > > > >of a network whose equilibrium keeps the body healthy. >When > > it > > > is > > > > > > >disrupted, as it is in autoimmunity, disease results. > > > > > > >This new picture, in which self and world are no longer > > > absolutely > > > > > > >distinct, has already begun to yield practical benefits in > > the > > > > >form > > > > > > >of vaccines that may ultimately ease the substantial > > suffering > > > > > > >caused by autoimmune diseases. The list of autoimmune > > diseases > > > is > > > > > > >both long and disturbing. It includes multiple sclerosis, >in > > > which > > > > > > >the tissue attacked is myelin (a sub-stance that sheathes > > > nerves > > > > >in > > > > > > >the central nervous system); myasthenia gravis, in which >the > > > > >target > > > > > > >is a receptor molecule for the important neurotransmitter > > > > > > >acetylcholine; rheumatoid arthritis, whose target is the > > > > >peripheral > > > > > > >joint; type I (juvenile) diabetes mellitus, in which the > > cells > > > > > > >producing insulin are destroyed, and systemic lupus > > > erythematosus, > > > > > > >in which DNA, blood vessels, skin and kidneys are >attacked. > > In > > > > > > >contrast to AIDS, which is marked by an in activation of >key > > > cells > > > > > > >in the immune system, in all these diseases the >immunological > > > > > > >response is strong and well focused; it is, however, > > directed > > > at > > > > > > >some essential component of the body. These immunological > > > attacks > > > > > > >are detected in clinical laboratory by the measurement of > > > > > > >tissue-specific and tissue non-specific antibodies. > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmune Diseases > > > > > > >Page 2 of 2 > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmune diseases can be separated broadly into two > > > categories. > > > > > > >One group is characterized by the presence of auto >antibodies > > > > >which > > > > > > >are broadly reactive with nuclear or cytoplasmic antigens > > and > > > do > > > > >not > > > > > > >demonstrate any tissue specificity. Included in this group > > are > > > > > > >diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, mixed >connective > > > > >tissue > > > > > > >disease, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, and > > > > > > >dermatomyositis/polymyositis. A second group of autoimmune > > > > >diseases > > > > > > >is characterized by autoantibodies which demonstrate tissue > > > > > > >specificity. These diseases include thyroiditis, chronic > > liver > > > > > > >diseases (including primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic > > > active > > > > > > >Hepatitis), certain cases of pernicious anemia, and > > myasthenia > > > > >gravis. > > > > > > >The autoantibodies which appear in these disease states > > > > >demonstrate > > > > > > >different degrees of specificity with respect to both >tissue > > > and > > > > > > >species. Tissue-specific autoantibodies include those >which > > > react > > > > > > >against erythrocyte stromalantigens, platelets, > > antihemophilic > > > > > > >globulin, thyroid tissue and other tissues, and g-globulin > > > > > > >(rheumatoid factor). Autoantibodies without tissue > > specificity > > > > > > >include anti-nuclear, anti-nucleoprotien, anti-DNA, and > > > > > > >anti-cytoplasmicantibodies. Autoantibodies directed >against > > the > > > > > > >formed elements of the blood can undoubtedly induce >disease > > by > > > > > > >causing the destruction and removal of these cells from the > > > > > > >circulation. However, it is far less certain whether other > > > types > > > > >of > > > > > > >autoantibodies play pathogenic roles. > > > > > > >Most studies of autoantibodies in both humans and animals > > have > > > > > > >concentrated on the reactivity of humoral constituents. > > > However, > > > > >it > > > > > > >should be remembered that the cell-mediated immune >response > > is > > > far > > > > > > >more efficient in terms of tissue destruction. Since >humoral > > > > > > >antibodies have been shown, under appropriate >circumstances, > > to > > > > > > >prevent cell-mediated tissue damage, it is conceivable >that > > > they > > > > >may > > > > > > >have a protective rather than a destructive function. >There > > is > > > > > > >presently no indication whether the autoantibodies >detected > > in > > > > >human > > > > > > >disease rep-resent a primary manifestation of the disease > > > itself > > > > >or > > > > > > >a secondary event stimulated by an underlying, but >unrelated, > > > > > > >abnormality. In ether event, the mechanisms which may be > > > > >responsible > > > > > > >for the abrogation of natural immunologic tolerance are > > worthy > > > of > > > > > > >consideration. Four general mechanisms have been proposed >in > > > the > > > > > > >pathogenesis of autoantibody production:1.alterations in >the > > > > > > >structure or distribution of antigens;2.formation of cross- > > > > >reactive > > > > > > >antibodies following exposure to extrinsic > > antigens;3.release > > > of > > > > > > >sequestered antigens; and4.abnormalities of immunologic > > > responsive- > > > > >ness. > > > > > > >An assault on the self through molecular mimicry or >antigenic > > > > > > >similarity between foreign antigens (virus, bacreria) and > > human > > > > > > >tissue antigens which may end with an autoimmune disease is > > > > > > >presented in > <<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno- >sci- > > > > >lab.com/2003_cat_page27.htm>Fig. > > > > > > >8. This process which may strike many target tissues is > > shown > > > in > > > > >Table 1. > > > > > > > > > > > > > >IMMUNOSCIENCES LAB., INC. - services > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci- >lab.com/tests.html><http://www.immuno->http://www.immuno- > > > sci- > > > > > lab.com/tests.html> > > > > > > >TESTS > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci- >lab.com/form.html><http://www.immuno->http://www.immuno- > > > sci-l > > > > > ab.com/form.html> > > > > > > >FORM > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci- > > > lab.com/images/sampleform2.GIF><http://www>http://www > > > > > .immuno-sci-lab.com/images/sampleform2.GIF> > > > > > > >SAMPLE > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >IMMUNOSCIENCES LOGO > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<http://promos.hotbar.com/promos/promodll.dll?>http://p > romos.hotbar.com/promos/promodll.dll? > > > >http://promos.hot > > > > > bar.com/promos/promodll.dll? > > > > >RunPromo & El= & SG= & RAND=84572 & partner=hbtools> > > > > > > >Upgrade Your Email - Click here! > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 9, 2006 Report Share Posted November 9, 2006 Lynda, that's awesome. How long are you going for? We have mild weather here in Red Deer, for this time of year. It was above freezing today and gentle snowflakes falling, with muddy roads. Atleast we get alot of sun in Alberta. I do love the seasons, but I miss the ocean right now. Love, Sunny > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Dearest Rogene: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Thank you for posting this information and for > > > the " contact " . I > > > > > > > >still have folders that will not be deleted, but some of > >the > > > > hard > > > > > > > >copies have been destroyed. It hurts to help me to > > > > destroy > > > > > >all > > > > > > > >of my hard work, but we have no choice. This was not about > > > > money, > > > > > >I > > > > > > > >just knew too much in an Oil Rich province. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Love you honey...Lea > > > > > > > >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`` > > > > > > > > Fwd: Immunosciences Lab: > >Autoimmune > > > > > >Diseases > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmune Diseases > > > > > > > >Page 1 of 2 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmunity, in which the immune system recognizes and > > > attacks > > > > > >the > > > > > > > >self's own tissue, is not as simple as it seems. Self- > > > > recognition > > > > > > > >appears to be at the heart of health as well as of certain > > > > > >diseases. > > > > > > > > It is generally assumed that the main job of the immune > > > system > > > > > >is > > > > > > > > to distinguish between what is " self " and what is " not > > > self " . > > > > > >Once > > > > > > > > the distinction has been made, " self " is pre-served > >and " not > > > > > >self " > > > > > > > > is destroyed. At the most general level, of course, this > >is > > > > true, > > > > > > > > and human beings remain alive and healthy only because it > > > is > > > > so. > > > > > > > > Recently it has become clear, however, that at a finer > > > level > > > > of > > > > > > > > detail the distinction between self and other is not > > > absolute. > > > > > >One > > > > > > > > of the paths to this insight has been provided by the > > > > autoimmune > > > > > > > > disorders, in which the immune system attacks normal, > > > healthy > > > > > > > > tissue. Autoimmune disease, which may be crippling or > > > fatal, > > > > can > > > > > > > > strike any tissue or organ. Its victims are often in the > > > > prime of > > > > > > > > life, and for unknown reasons they are more frequently > > > women > > > > than > > > > > >men. > > > > > > > >Research work on a form of autoimmune arthritis shows that > > > the > > > > > >basis > > > > > > > >of autoimmunity may be a resemblance between a specific > > > foreign > > > > > > > >molecule and a molecule of the self. This finding is > > > consistent > > > > > >with > > > > > > > >a model of the immune system in which the immune system > > > > receptors > > > > > > > >that perform the work of recognition can themselves be > > > > recognized > > > > > >by > > > > > > > >other receptors. Such " self-recognition, " which was > >strictly > > > > > > > >outlawed by older models of the immune sys-tem, may form > >the > > > > basis > > > > > > > >of a network whose equilibrium keeps the body healthy. > >When > > > it > > > > is > > > > > > > >disrupted, as it is in autoimmunity, disease results. > > > > > > > >This new picture, in which self and world are no longer > > > > absolutely > > > > > > > >distinct, has already begun to yield practical benefits in > > > the > > > > > >form > > > > > > > >of vaccines that may ultimately ease the substantial > > > suffering > > > > > > > >caused by autoimmune diseases. The list of autoimmune > > > diseases > > > > is > > > > > > > >both long and disturbing. It includes multiple sclerosis, > >in > > > > which > > > > > > > >the tissue attacked is myelin (a sub-stance that sheathes > > > > nerves > > > > > >in > > > > > > > >the central nervous system); myasthenia gravis, in which > >the > > > > > >target > > > > > > > >is a receptor molecule for the important neurotransmitter > > > > > > > >acetylcholine; rheumatoid arthritis, whose target is the > > > > > >peripheral > > > > > > > >joint; type I (juvenile) diabetes mellitus, in which the > > > cells > > > > > > > >producing insulin are destroyed, and systemic lupus > > > > erythematosus, > > > > > > > >in which DNA, blood vessels, skin and kidneys are > >attacked. > > > In > > > > > > > >contrast to AIDS, which is marked by an in activation of > >key > > > > cells > > > > > > > >in the immune system, in all these diseases the > >immunological > > > > > > > >response is strong and well focused; it is, however, > > > directed > > > > at > > > > > > > >some essential component of the body. These immunological > > > > attacks > > > > > > > >are detected in clinical laboratory by the measurement of > > > > > > > >tissue-specific and tissue non-specific antibodies. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmune Diseases > > > > > > > >Page 2 of 2 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmune diseases can be separated broadly into two > > > > categories. > > > > > > > >One group is characterized by the presence of auto > >antibodies > > > > > >which > > > > > > > >are broadly reactive with nuclear or cytoplasmic antigens > > > and > > > > do > > > > > >not > > > > > > > >demonstrate any tissue specificity. Included in this group > > > are > > > > > > > >diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, mixed > >connective > > > > > >tissue > > > > > > > >disease, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, and > > > > > > > >dermatomyositis/polymyositis. A second group of autoimmune > > > > > >diseases > > > > > > > >is characterized by autoantibodies which demonstrate tissue > > > > > > > >specificity. These diseases include thyroiditis, chronic > > > liver > > > > > > > >diseases (including primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic > > > > active > > > > > > > >Hepatitis), certain cases of pernicious anemia, and > > > myasthenia > > > > > >gravis. > > > > > > > >The autoantibodies which appear in these disease states > > > > > >demonstrate > > > > > > > >different degrees of specificity with respect to both > >tissue > > > > and > > > > > > > >species. Tissue-specific autoantibodies include those > >which > > > > react > > > > > > > >against erythrocyte stromalantigens, platelets, > > > antihemophilic > > > > > > > >globulin, thyroid tissue and other tissues, and g- globulin > > > > > > > >(rheumatoid factor). Autoantibodies without tissue > > > specificity > > > > > > > >include anti-nuclear, anti-nucleoprotien, anti-DNA, and > > > > > > > >anti-cytoplasmicantibodies. Autoantibodies directed > >against > > > the > > > > > > > >formed elements of the blood can undoubtedly induce > >disease > > > by > > > > > > > >causing the destruction and removal of these cells from the > > > > > > > >circulation. However, it is far less certain whether other > > > > types > > > > > >of > > > > > > > >autoantibodies play pathogenic roles. > > > > > > > >Most studies of autoantibodies in both humans and animals > > > have > > > > > > > >concentrated on the reactivity of humoral constituents. > > > > However, > > > > > >it > > > > > > > >should be remembered that the cell-mediated immune > >response > > > is > > > > far > > > > > > > >more efficient in terms of tissue destruction. Since > >humoral > > > > > > > >antibodies have been shown, under appropriate > >circumstances, > > > to > > > > > > > >prevent cell-mediated tissue damage, it is conceivable > >that > > > > they > > > > > >may > > > > > > > >have a protective rather than a destructive function. > >There > > > is > > > > > > > >presently no indication whether the autoantibodies > >detected > > > in > > > > > >human > > > > > > > >disease rep-resent a primary manifestation of the disease > > > > itself > > > > > >or > > > > > > > >a secondary event stimulated by an underlying, but > >unrelated, > > > > > > > >abnormality. In ether event, the mechanisms which may be > > > > > >responsible > > > > > > > >for the abrogation of natural immunologic tolerance are > > > worthy > > > > of > > > > > > > >consideration. Four general mechanisms have been proposed > >in > > > > the > > > > > > > >pathogenesis of autoantibody production:1.alterations in > >the > > > > > > > >structure or distribution of antigens;2.formation of cross- > > > > > >reactive > > > > > > > >antibodies following exposure to extrinsic > > > antigens;3.release > > > > of > > > > > > > >sequestered antigens; and4.abnormalities of immunologic > > > > responsive- > > > > > >ness. > > > > > > > >An assault on the self through molecular mimicry or > >antigenic > > > > > > > >similarity between foreign antigens (virus, bacreria) and > > > human > > > > > > > >tissue antigens which may end with an autoimmune disease is > > > > > > > >presented in > > <<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci- >http://www.immuno- > >sci- > > > > > >lab.com/2003_cat_page27.htm>Fig. > > > > > > > >8. This process which may strike many target tissues is > > > shown > > > > in > > > > > >Table 1. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >IMMUNOSCIENCES LAB., INC. - services > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci- > >lab.com/tests.html><http://www.immuno->http://www.immuno- > > > > sci- > > > > > > lab.com/tests.html> > > > > > > > >TESTS > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci- > >lab.com/form.html><http://www.immuno->http://www.immuno- > > > > sci-l > > > > > > ab.com/form.html> > > > > > > > >FORM > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci- > > > > lab.com/images/sampleform2.GIF><http://www>http://www > > > > > > .immuno-sci-lab.com/images/sampleform2.GIF> > > > > > > > >SAMPLE > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >IMMUNOSCIENCES LOGO > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<http://promos.hotbar.com/promos/promodll.dll? >http://p > > romos.hotbar.com/promos/promodll.dll? > > > > >http://promos.hot > > > > > > bar.com/promos/promodll.dll? > > > > > >RunPromo & El= & SG= & RAND=84572 & partner=hbtools> > > > > > > > >Upgrade Your Email - Click here! > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 9, 2006 Report Share Posted November 9, 2006 Lynda, that's wonderful. I've been to Maui once...interesting terrain. Half desert...half tropical island. I miss the ocean on the West Coast of Canada. I lived there for 3- 1/2 years. I'm kind of stuck on the 4 seasons here in good ole Alberta. I'd really like to go to Mexico again. Those children there really touched my heart. Love, Sunny > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Dearest Rogene: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Thank you for posting this information and for > > > > > the " contact " . I > > > > > > > > > >still have folders that will not be deleted, but some > >of > > > >the > > > > > > hard > > > > > > > > > >copies have been destroyed. It hurts to help me > >to > > > > > > destroy > > > > > > > >all > > > > > > > > > >of my hard work, but we have no choice. This was not > >about > > > > > > money, > > > > > > > >I > > > > > > > > > >just knew too much in an Oil Rich province. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Love you honey...Lea > > > > > > > > > > > >~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`` > > > > > > > > > > Fwd: Immunosciences Lab: > > > >Autoimmune > > > > > > > >Diseases > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmune Diseases > > > > > > > > > >Page 1 of 2 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmunity, in which the immune system recognizes and > > > > > attacks > > > > > > > >the > > > > > > > > > >self's own tissue, is not as simple as it seems. Self- > > > > > > recognition > > > > > > > > > >appears to be at the heart of health as well as of > >certain > > > > > > > >diseases. > > > > > > > > > > It is generally assumed that the main job of the > >immune > > > > > system > > > > > > > >is > > > > > > > > > > to distinguish between what is " self " and what is " not > > > > > self " . > > > > > > > >Once > > > > > > > > > > the distinction has been made, " self " is pre- served > > > >and " not > > > > > > > >self " > > > > > > > > > > is destroyed. At the most general level, of course, > >this > > > >is > > > > > > true, > > > > > > > > > > and human beings remain alive and healthy only > >because it > > > > > is > > > > > > so. > > > > > > > > > > Recently it has become clear, however, that at a finer > > > > > level > > > > > > of > > > > > > > > > > detail the distinction between self and other is not > > > > > absolute. > > > > > > > >One > > > > > > > > > > of the paths to this insight has been provided by the > > > > > > autoimmune > > > > > > > > > > disorders, in which the immune system attacks normal, > > > > > healthy > > > > > > > > > > tissue. Autoimmune disease, which may be crippling or > > > > > fatal, > > > > > > can > > > > > > > > > > strike any tissue or organ. Its victims are often in > >the > > > > > > prime of > > > > > > > > > > life, and for unknown reasons they are more frequently > > > > > women > > > > > > than > > > > > > > >men. > > > > > > > > > >Research work on a form of autoimmune arthritis shows > >that > > > > > the > > > > > > > >basis > > > > > > > > > >of autoimmunity may be a resemblance between a specific > > > > > foreign > > > > > > > > > >molecule and a molecule of the self. This finding is > > > > > consistent > > > > > > > >with > > > > > > > > > >a model of the immune system in which the immune system > > > > > > receptors > > > > > > > > > >that perform the work of recognition can themselves be > > > > > > recognized > > > > > > > >by > > > > > > > > > >other receptors. Such " self-recognition, " which was > > > >strictly > > > > > > > > > >outlawed by older models of the immune sys-tem, may > >form > > > >the > > > > > > basis > > > > > > > > > >of a network whose equilibrium keeps the body healthy. > > > >When > > > > > it > > > > > > is > > > > > > > > > >disrupted, as it is in autoimmunity, disease results. > > > > > > > > > >This new picture, in which self and world are no longer > > > > > > absolutely > > > > > > > > > >distinct, has already begun to yield practical > >benefits in > > > > > the > > > > > > > >form > > > > > > > > > >of vaccines that may ultimately ease the substantial > > > > > suffering > > > > > > > > > >caused by autoimmune diseases. The list of autoimmune > > > > > diseases > > > > > > is > > > > > > > > > >both long and disturbing. It includes multiple > >sclerosis, > > > >in > > > > > > which > > > > > > > > > >the tissue attacked is myelin (a sub-stance that > >sheathes > > > > > > nerves > > > > > > > >in > > > > > > > > > >the central nervous system); myasthenia gravis, in > >which > > > >the > > > > > > > >target > > > > > > > > > >is a receptor molecule for the important > >neurotransmitter > > > > > > > > > >acetylcholine; rheumatoid arthritis, whose target is > >the > > > > > > > >peripheral > > > > > > > > > >joint; type I (juvenile) diabetes mellitus, in which > >the > > > > > cells > > > > > > > > > >producing insulin are destroyed, and systemic lupus > > > > > > erythematosus, > > > > > > > > > >in which DNA, blood vessels, skin and kidneys are > > > >attacked. > > > > > In > > > > > > > > > >contrast to AIDS, which is marked by an in activation > >of > > > >key > > > > > > cells > > > > > > > > > >in the immune system, in all these diseases the > > > >immunological > > > > > > > > > >response is strong and well focused; it is, however, > > > > > directed > > > > > > at > > > > > > > > > >some essential component of the body. These > >immunological > > > > > > attacks > > > > > > > > > >are detected in clinical laboratory by the measurement > >of > > > > > > > > > >tissue-specific and tissue non-specific antibodies. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmune Diseases > > > > > > > > > >Page 2 of 2 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >Autoimmune diseases can be separated broadly into two > > > > > > categories. > > > > > > > > > >One group is characterized by the presence of auto > > > >antibodies > > > > > > > >which > > > > > > > > > >are broadly reactive with nuclear or cytoplasmic > >antigens > > > > > and > > > > > > do > > > > > > > >not > > > > > > > > > >demonstrate any tissue specificity. Included in this > >group > > > > > are > > > > > > > > > >diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, mixed > > > >connective > > > > > > > >tissue > > > > > > > > > >disease, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, and > > > > > > > > > >dermatomyositis/polymyositis. A second group of > >autoimmune > > > > > > > >diseases > > > > > > > > > >is characterized by autoantibodies which demonstrate > >tissue > > > > > > > > > >specificity. These diseases include thyroiditis, > >chronic > > > > > liver > > > > > > > > > >diseases (including primary biliary cirrhosis and > >chronic > > > > > > active > > > > > > > > > >Hepatitis), certain cases of pernicious anemia, and > > > > > myasthenia > > > > > > > >gravis. > > > > > > > > > >The autoantibodies which appear in these disease states > > > > > > > >demonstrate > > > > > > > > > >different degrees of specificity with respect to both > > > >tissue > > > > > > and > > > > > > > > > >species. Tissue-specific autoantibodies include those > > > >which > > > > > > react > > > > > > > > > >against erythrocyte stromalantigens, platelets, > > > > > antihemophilic > > > > > > > > > >globulin, thyroid tissue and other tissues, and g- > >globulin > > > > > > > > > >(rheumatoid factor). Autoantibodies without tissue > > > > > specificity > > > > > > > > > >include anti-nuclear, anti-nucleoprotien, anti- DNA, and > > > > > > > > > >anti-cytoplasmicantibodies. Autoantibodies directed > > > >against > > > > > the > > > > > > > > > >formed elements of the blood can undoubtedly induce > > > >disease > > > > > by > > > > > > > > > >causing the destruction and removal of these cells > >from the > > > > > > > > > >circulation. However, it is far less certain whether > >other > > > > > > types > > > > > > > >of > > > > > > > > > >autoantibodies play pathogenic roles. > > > > > > > > > >Most studies of autoantibodies in both humans and > >animals > > > > > have > > > > > > > > > >concentrated on the reactivity of humoral constituents. > > > > > > However, > > > > > > > >it > > > > > > > > > >should be remembered that the cell-mediated immune > > > >response > > > > > is > > > > > > far > > > > > > > > > >more efficient in terms of tissue destruction. Since > > > >humoral > > > > > > > > > >antibodies have been shown, under appropriate > > > >circumstances, > > > > > to > > > > > > > > > >prevent cell-mediated tissue damage, it is conceivable > > > >that > > > > > > they > > > > > > > >may > > > > > > > > > >have a protective rather than a destructive function. > > > >There > > > > > is > > > > > > > > > >presently no indication whether the autoantibodies > > > >detected > > > > > in > > > > > > > >human > > > > > > > > > >disease rep-resent a primary manifestation of the > >disease > > > > > > itself > > > > > > > >or > > > > > > > > > >a secondary event stimulated by an underlying, but > > > >unrelated, > > > > > > > > > >abnormality. In ether event, the mechanisms which may > >be > > > > > > > >responsible > > > > > > > > > >for the abrogation of natural immunologic tolerance are > > > > > worthy > > > > > > of > > > > > > > > > >consideration. Four general mechanisms have been > >proposed > > > >in > > > > > > the > > > > > > > > > >pathogenesis of autoantibody production:1.alterations > >in > > > >the > > > > > > > > > >structure or distribution of antigens;2.formation of > >cross- > > > > > > > >reactive > > > > > > > > > >antibodies following exposure to extrinsic > > > > > antigens;3.release > > > > > > of > > > > > > > > > >sequestered antigens; and4.abnormalities of immunologic > > > > > > responsive- > > > > > > > >ness. > > > > > > > > > >An assault on the self through molecular mimicry or > > > >antigenic > > > > > > > > > >similarity between foreign antigens (virus, bacreria) > >and > > > > > human > > > > > > > > > >tissue antigens which may end with an autoimmune > >disease is > > > > > > > > > >presented in > > > > <<<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci- >http://www.immuno-sci- > > ><http://www.immuno->http://www.immuno- > > > >sci- > > > > > > > >lab.com/2003_cat_page27.htm>Fig. > > > > > > > > > >8. This process which may strike many target tissues is > > > > > shown > > > > > > in > > > > > > > >Table 1. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >IMMUNOSCIENCES LAB., INC. - services > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci- >htt > > p://www.immuno-sci- > > > >lab.com/tests.html><<http://www.immuno->http://www.immuno- >http:/ > > /www.immuno- > > > > > > sci- > > > > > > > > lab.com/tests.html> > > > > > > > > > >TESTS > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci- >htt > > p://www.immuno-sci- > > > >lab.com/form.html><<http://www.immuno->http://www.immuno- >http:// > > www.immuno- > > > > > > sci-l > > > > > > > > ab.com/form.html> > > > > > > > > > >FORM > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<<http://www.immuno-sci->http://www.immuno-sci- >htt > > p://www.immuno-sci- > > > > > > lab.com/images/sampleform2.GIF><<http://www>http://www>http://www > > > > > > > > .immuno-sci-lab.com/images/sampleform2.GIF> > > > > > > > > > >SAMPLE > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >IMMUNOSCIENCES LOGO > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ><<<<http://promos.hotbar.com/promos/promodll.dll? >htt > > p://promos.hotbar.com/promos/promodll.dll? > > >http://p > > > > romos.hotbar.com/promos/promodll.dll? > > > > > > ><http://promos.hot>http://promos.hot > > > > > > > > bar.com/promos/promodll.dll? > > > > > > > >RunPromo & El= & SG= & RAND=84572 & partner=hbtools> > > > > > > > > > >Upgrade Your Email - Click here! > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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