Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation: Study

[Guest guest]

Thanks, ! I find this interesting but the 3.8 grams of Na is

higher than what Dietitians consider High Salt! I tell patients to

keep it at 3g if they are healthy. Of course, if the MD orders Low Na,

it is usually 2-2.5g. Sad that most Americans get up to 7g, say at the

ballpark or on Superbowl Sunday:( I must say I recommend iodize salt

and use it myself but never more than a lite sprinkle. This less than

3.8 goal is going to be hard for most Americans, who most of the time

do not even realize their intake of Na. I guess " 3 is is the magic

number " ...school house rock...LOL.

Sent from my iPhone

> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning of

> blood

> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

> the *American

> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>

> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

> salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

> >–

> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the ability

> of

> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower salt

> meal.

> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

> significantly

> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability to

> widen)

> within 30 minutes.

>

> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal was

> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

> meal,

> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

> when

> normal functioning was restored.

>

> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen after

> a meal

> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels in

> the

> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>

> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute adverse ef

> fects on

> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* said

> the

> researchers.

>

> *Salt risks*

>

> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evidenc

> eâ€* to

> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and risk of

> cardiovascular disease

> (CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

> >).

>

>

> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

> (endothelial

> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the development of

> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

> metabolic

> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in

> the

> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of cells

> lining blood vessels.

>

> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

> lead to

> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative stress

> –

> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

>

> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

> interest

> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods and

> typical

> meals,â€* they said.

>

> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

> healthy

> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s

> >and

> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>

> *Study details*

>

> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

> sixteen

> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

> endothelial

> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

> pressure.

> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

> Impaired FMD

> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically symptomatic

> CVD by

> many years.

>

> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high and

> low

> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high salt

> meal

> than the low salt.

>

> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly reduced

> after

> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was ingested.

>

> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

> salt meal

> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

> subjects

> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>

> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes blood

> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>

> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

> pressure is

> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

> functioning.

>

>

> *Mechanisms*

>

> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt) in t

> he

> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

> alterations in

> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma sodium

> samples

> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

> and eNOS

> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>

> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

> acute,

> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

> the post

> meal phase.

>

> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the observed

> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis and

> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

> body of

> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

> intakes.

>

> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in healthy

> subjectsâ€*

> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

> >

>

> --

> Ortiz, MS, RD

> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

> shipped!!! exp.

> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>

> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

> *

>

> *at the years people have behind them but also the

> *

>

> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>

>

>

[Guest guest]

Thanks, ! I find this interesting but the 3.8 grams of Na is

higher than what Dietitians consider High Salt! I tell patients to

keep it at 3g if they are healthy. Of course, if the MD orders Low Na,

it is usually 2-2.5g. Sad that most Americans get up to 7g, say at the

ballpark or on Superbowl Sunday:( I must say I recommend iodize salt

and use it myself but never more than a lite sprinkle. This less than

3.8 goal is going to be hard for most Americans, who most of the time

do not even realize their intake of Na. I guess " 3 is is the magic

number " ...school house rock...LOL.

Sent from my iPhone

> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning of

> blood

> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

> the *American

> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>

> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

> salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

> >–

> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the ability

> of

> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower salt

> meal.

> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

> significantly

> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability to

> widen)

> within 30 minutes.

>

> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal was

> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

> meal,

> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

> when

> normal functioning was restored.

>

> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen after

> a meal

> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels in

> the

> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>

> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute adverse ef

> fects on

> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* said

> the

> researchers.

>

> *Salt risks*

>

> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evidenc

> eâ€* to

> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and risk of

> cardiovascular disease

> (CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

> >).

>

>

> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

> (endothelial

> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the development of

> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

> metabolic

> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in

> the

> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of cells

> lining blood vessels.

>

> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

> lead to

> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative stress

> –

> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

>

> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

> interest

> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods and

> typical

> meals,â€* they said.

>

> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

> healthy

> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s

> >and

> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>

> *Study details*

>

> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

> sixteen

> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

> endothelial

> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

> pressure.

> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

> Impaired FMD

> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically symptomatic

> CVD by

> many years.

>

> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high and

> low

> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high salt

> meal

> than the low salt.

>

> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly reduced

> after

> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was ingested.

>

> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

> salt meal

> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

> subjects

> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>

> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes blood

> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>

> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

> pressure is

> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

> functioning.

>

>

> *Mechanisms*

>

> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt) in t

> he

> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

> alterations in

> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma sodium

> samples

> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

> and eNOS

> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>

> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

> acute,

> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

> the post

> meal phase.

>

> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the observed

> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis and

> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

> body of

> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

> intakes.

>

> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in healthy

> subjectsâ€*

> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

> >

>

> --

> Ortiz, MS, RD

> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

> shipped!!! exp.

> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>

> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

> *

>

> *at the years people have behind them but also the

> *

>

> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>

>

>

[Guest guest]

3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That solute load

might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional Applebee's meal

where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I didn't eat

much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average American

intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By disagreeing with

the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal at the lowest

end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad about that.

R Vajda, R.D.

________________________________

To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning of blood

vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in the *American

Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews>â€\

“

an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the ability of

blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower salt meal.

The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can significantly

reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability to widen)

within 30 minutes.

Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal was

consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt meal,

though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours when

normal functioning was restored.

*“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen after a meal

high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels in the

long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

*“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute adverse effects on

vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* said the

researchers.

*Salt risks*

Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evidenceâ€* to

show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and risk of

cardiovascular disease

(CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews>).

The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning (endothelial

dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the development of

atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by metabolic

factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in the

bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of cells

lining blood vessels.

High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to lead to

similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative stress –

however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

*“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of interest

given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods and typical

meals,â€* they said.

The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of healthy

adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s>and

low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

*Study details*

The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in sixteen

healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on endothelial

function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood pressure.

FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function: Impaired FMD

response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically symptomatic CVD by

many years.

Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high and low

salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high salt meal

than the low salt.

The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly reduced after

30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was ingested.

The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high salt meal

was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy subjects

after a meal high in saturated fats.

Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes blood

pressure between the high and low salt meals.

They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood pressure is

involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial functioning.

*Mechanisms*

*“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt) in the

current study induced changes in endothelial function via alterations in

plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma sodium samples

and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide and eNOS

would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have acute,

adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in the post

meal phase.

Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the observed

effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis and

cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a body of

research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt intakes.

Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

*“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in healthy

subjectsâ€*

Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily>

--

Ortiz, MS, RD

*The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99) shipped!!! exp.

2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

*Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

*

*at the years people have behind them but also the

*

*quality of the years ahead of them.*

[Guest guest]

3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That solute load

might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional Applebee's meal

where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I didn't eat

much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average American

intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By disagreeing with

the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal at the lowest

end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad about that.

R Vajda, R.D.

________________________________

To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning of blood

vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in the *American

Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews>â€\

“

an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the ability of

blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower salt meal.

The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can significantly

reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability to widen)

within 30 minutes.

Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal was

consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt meal,

though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours when

normal functioning was restored.

*“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen after a meal

high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels in the

long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

*“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute adverse effects on

vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* said the

researchers.

*Salt risks*

Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evidenceâ€* to

show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and risk of

cardiovascular disease

(CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews>).

The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning (endothelial

dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the development of

atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by metabolic

factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in the

bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of cells

lining blood vessels.

High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to lead to

similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative stress –

however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

*“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of interest

given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods and typical

meals,â€* they said.

The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of healthy

adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s>and

low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

*Study details*

The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in sixteen

healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on endothelial

function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood pressure.

FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function: Impaired FMD

response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically symptomatic CVD by

many years.

Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high and low

salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high salt meal

than the low salt.

The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly reduced after

30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was ingested.

The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high salt meal

was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy subjects

after a meal high in saturated fats.

Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes blood

pressure between the high and low salt meals.

They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood pressure is

involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial functioning.

*Mechanisms*

*“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt) in the

current study induced changes in endothelial function via alterations in

plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma sodium samples

and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide and eNOS

would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have acute,

adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in the post

meal phase.

Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the observed

effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis and

cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a body of

research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt intakes.

Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

*“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in healthy

subjectsâ€*

Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily>

--

Ortiz, MS, RD

*The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99) shipped!!! exp.

2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

*Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

*

*at the years people have behind them but also the

*

*quality of the years ahead of them.*

[Guest guest]

3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That solute load

might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional Applebee's meal

where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I didn't eat

much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average American

intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By disagreeing with

the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal at the lowest

end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad about that.

R Vajda, R.D.

________________________________

To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning of blood

vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in the *American

Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews>â€\

“

an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the ability of

blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower salt meal.

The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can significantly

reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability to widen)

within 30 minutes.

Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal was

consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt meal,

though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours when

normal functioning was restored.

*“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen after a meal

high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels in the

long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

*“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute adverse effects on

vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* said the

researchers.

*Salt risks*

Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evidenceâ€* to

show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and risk of

cardiovascular disease

(CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews>).

The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning (endothelial

dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the development of

atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by metabolic

factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in the

bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of cells

lining blood vessels.

High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to lead to

similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative stress –

however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

*“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of interest

given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods and typical

meals,â€* they said.

The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of healthy

adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s>and

low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

*Study details*

The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in sixteen

healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on endothelial

function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood pressure.

FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function: Impaired FMD

response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically symptomatic CVD by

many years.

Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high and low

salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high salt meal

than the low salt.

The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly reduced after

30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was ingested.

The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high salt meal

was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy subjects

after a meal high in saturated fats.

Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes blood

pressure between the high and low salt meals.

They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood pressure is

involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial functioning.

*Mechanisms*

*“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt) in the

current study induced changes in endothelial function via alterations in

plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma sodium samples

and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide and eNOS

would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have acute,

adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in the post

meal phase.

Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the observed

effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis and

cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a body of

research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt intakes.

Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

*“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in healthy

subjectsâ€*

Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily>

--

Ortiz, MS, RD

*The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99) shipped!!! exp.

2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

*Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

*

*at the years people have behind them but also the

*

*quality of the years ahead of them.*

[Guest guest]

,

I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-) The research

posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium. Note that there is

chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of the chloride, 3.8g salt contains

about 1.495g sodium.

Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

--- 11å¹´2月9日，周三, Vajda 写é“：

å‘件人: Vajda

主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

收件人: rd-usa

日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

 

3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That solute

load

might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional Applebee's meal

where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I didn't eat

much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average American

intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By disagreeing with

the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal at the lowest

end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad about that.

R Vajda, R.D.

________________________________

To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning of blood

vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in the *American

Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews>â€\

“

an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the ability of

blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower salt meal.

The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can significantly

reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability to widen)

within 30 minutes.

Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal was

consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt meal,

though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours when

normal functioning was restored.

*“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen after a meal

high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels in the

long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

*“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute adverse effects on

vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* said the

researchers.

*Salt risks*

Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evidenceâ€* to

show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and risk of

cardiovascular disease

(CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews>).

The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning (endothelial

dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the development of

atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by metabolic

factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in the

bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of cells

lining blood vessels.

High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to lead to

similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative stress –

however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

*“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of interest

given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods and typical

meals,â€* they said.

The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of healthy

adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s>and

low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

*Study details*

The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in sixteen

healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on endothelial

function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood pressure.

FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function: Impaired FMD

response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically symptomatic CVD by

many years.

Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high and low

salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high salt meal

than the low salt.

The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly reduced after

30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was ingested.

The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high salt meal

was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy subjects

after a meal high in saturated fats.

Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes blood

pressure between the high and low salt meals.

They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood pressure is

involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial functioning.

*Mechanisms*

*“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt) in the

current study induced changes in endothelial function via alterations in

plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma sodium samples

and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide and eNOS

would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have acute,

adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in the post

meal phase.

Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the observed

effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis and

cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a body of

research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt intakes.

Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

*“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in healthy

subjectsâ€*

Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily>

--

Ortiz, MS, RD

*The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99) shipped!!! exp.

2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

*Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

*

*at the years people have behind them but also the

*

*quality of the years ahead of them.*

[Guest guest]

,

I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-) The research

posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium. Note that there is

chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of the chloride, 3.8g salt contains

about 1.495g sodium.

Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

--- 11å¹´2月9日，周三, Vajda 写é“：

å‘件人: Vajda

主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

收件人: rd-usa

日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

 

3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That solute

load

might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional Applebee's meal

where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I didn't eat

much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average American

intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By disagreeing with

the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal at the lowest

end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad about that.

R Vajda, R.D.

________________________________

To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning of blood

vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in the *American

Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews>â€\

“

an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the ability of

blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower salt meal.

The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can significantly

reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability to widen)

within 30 minutes.

Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal was

consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt meal,

though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours when

normal functioning was restored.

*“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen after a meal

high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels in the

long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

*“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute adverse effects on

vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* said the

researchers.

*Salt risks*

Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evidenceâ€* to

show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and risk of

cardiovascular disease

(CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews>).

The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning (endothelial

dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the development of

atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by metabolic

factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in the

bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of cells

lining blood vessels.

High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to lead to

similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative stress –

however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

*“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of interest

given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods and typical

meals,â€* they said.

The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of healthy

adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s>and

low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

*Study details*

The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in sixteen

healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on endothelial

function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood pressure.

FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function: Impaired FMD

response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically symptomatic CVD by

many years.

Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high and low

salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high salt meal

than the low salt.

The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly reduced after

30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was ingested.

The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high salt meal

was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy subjects

after a meal high in saturated fats.

Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes blood

pressure between the high and low salt meals.

They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood pressure is

involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial functioning.

*Mechanisms*

*“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt) in the

current study induced changes in endothelial function via alterations in

plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma sodium samples

and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide and eNOS

would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have acute,

adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in the post

meal phase.

Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the observed

effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis and

cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a body of

research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt intakes.

Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

*“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in healthy

subjectsâ€*

Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily>

--

Ortiz, MS, RD

*The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99) shipped!!! exp.

2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

*Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

*

*at the years people have behind them but also the

*

*quality of the years ahead of them.*

[Guest guest]

Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is wow

and this would over work your vascular system.

Sent from my iPhone

> ,

>

> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>

> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>

> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

> 写é“：

>

> å‘件人: Vajda

> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation: Study

> 收件人: rd-usa

> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>

>

>

> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

> solute load

>

> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

> Applebee's meal

>

> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

> didn't eat

>

> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

> American

>

> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

> disagreeing with

>

> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

> at the lowest

>

> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>

> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad about

> that.

>

> R Vajda, R.D.

>

>

>

> ________________________________

>

>

>

> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>

> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>

> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation:

>

> Study

>

> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning of

> blood

>

> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

> the *American

>

> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>

> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>

> salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

> >–

>

> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the ability

> of

>

> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower salt

> meal.

>

> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

> significantly

>

> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability to

> widen)

>

> within 30 minutes.

>

> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

>

> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal was

>

> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

> meal,

>

> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

> when

>

> normal functioning was restored.

>

> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen after

> a meal

>

> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels in

> the

>

> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>

> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute adverse ef

> fects on

>

> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* said

> the

>

> researchers.

>

> *Salt risks*

>

> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evidenc

> eâ€* to

>

> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and risk of

>

> cardiovascular disease

>

> (CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

> >).

>

> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

> (endothelial

>

> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the development of

>

> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

> metabolic

>

> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in

> the

>

> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of cells

>

> lining blood vessels.

>

> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

> lead to

>

> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative stress

> –

>

> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

>

> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

>

> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

>

> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

> interest

>

> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods and

> typical

>

> meals,â€* they said.

>

> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

> healthy

>

> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>

>

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s

> >and

>

> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>

> *Study details*

>

> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

> sixteen

>

> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

> endothelial

>

> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

> pressure.

>

> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

> Impaired FMD

>

> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically symptomatic

> CVD by

>

> many years.

>

> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high and

> low

>

> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high salt

> meal

>

> than the low salt.

>

> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly reduced

> after

>

> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

>

> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was ingested.

>

> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

> salt meal

>

> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

> subjects

>

> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>

> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

>

> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes blood

>

> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>

> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

> pressure is

>

> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

> functioning.

>

> *Mechanisms*

>

> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt) in t

> he

>

> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

> alterations in

>

> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma sodium

> samples

>

> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

> and eNOS

>

> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>

> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

> acute,

>

> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

> the post

>

> meal phase.

>

> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the observed

>

> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis and

>

> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

> body of

>

> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

> intakes.

>

> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>

> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>

> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in healthy

>

> subjectsâ€*

>

> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>

>

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

> >

>

> --

>

> Ortiz, MS, RD

>

> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>

> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>

> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

> shipped!!! exp.

>

> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>

> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>

> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>

> *

>

> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>

> *

>

> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>

>

[Guest guest]

Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is wow

and this would over work your vascular system.

Sent from my iPhone

> ,

>

> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>

> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>

> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

> 写é“：

>

> å‘件人: Vajda

> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation: Study

> 收件人: rd-usa

> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>

>

>

> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

> solute load

>

> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

> Applebee's meal

>

> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

> didn't eat

>

> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

> American

>

> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

> disagreeing with

>

> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

> at the lowest

>

> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>

> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad about

> that.

>

> R Vajda, R.D.

>

>

>

> ________________________________

>

>

>

> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>

> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>

> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation:

>

> Study

>

> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning of

> blood

>

> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

> the *American

>

> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>

> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>

> salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

> >–

>

> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the ability

> of

>

> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower salt

> meal.

>

> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

> significantly

>

> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability to

> widen)

>

> within 30 minutes.

>

> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

>

> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal was

>

> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

> meal,

>

> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

> when

>

> normal functioning was restored.

>

> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen after

> a meal

>

> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels in

> the

>

> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>

> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute adverse ef

> fects on

>

> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* said

> the

>

> researchers.

>

> *Salt risks*

>

> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evidenc

> eâ€* to

>

> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and risk of

>

> cardiovascular disease

>

> (CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

> >).

>

> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

> (endothelial

>

> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the development of

>

> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

> metabolic

>

> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in

> the

>

> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of cells

>

> lining blood vessels.

>

> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

> lead to

>

> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative stress

> –

>

> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

>

> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

>

> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

>

> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

> interest

>

> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods and

> typical

>

> meals,â€* they said.

>

> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

> healthy

>

> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>

>

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s

> >and

>

> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>

> *Study details*

>

> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

> sixteen

>

> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

> endothelial

>

> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

> pressure.

>

> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

> Impaired FMD

>

> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically symptomatic

> CVD by

>

> many years.

>

> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high and

> low

>

> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high salt

> meal

>

> than the low salt.

>

> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly reduced

> after

>

> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

>

> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was ingested.

>

> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

> salt meal

>

> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

> subjects

>

> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>

> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

>

> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes blood

>

> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>

> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

> pressure is

>

> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

> functioning.

>

> *Mechanisms*

>

> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt) in t

> he

>

> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

> alterations in

>

> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma sodium

> samples

>

> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

> and eNOS

>

> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>

> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

> acute,

>

> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

> the post

>

> meal phase.

>

> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the observed

>

> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis and

>

> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

> body of

>

> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

> intakes.

>

> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>

> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>

> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in healthy

>

> subjectsâ€*

>

> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>

>

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

> >

>

> --

>

> Ortiz, MS, RD

>

> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>

> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>

> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

> shipped!!! exp.

>

> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>

> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>

> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>

> *

>

> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>

> *

>

> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>

>

[Guest guest]

Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is wow

and this would over work your vascular system.

Sent from my iPhone

> ,

>

> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>

> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>

> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

> 写é“：

>

> å‘件人: Vajda

> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation: Study

> 收件人: rd-usa

> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>

>

>

> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

> solute load

>

> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

> Applebee's meal

>

> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

> didn't eat

>

> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

> American

>

> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

> disagreeing with

>

> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

> at the lowest

>

> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>

> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad about

> that.

>

> R Vajda, R.D.

>

>

>

> ________________________________

>

>

>

> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>

> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>

> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation:

>

> Study

>

> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning of

> blood

>

> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

> the *American

>

> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>

> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>

> salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

> >–

>

> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the ability

> of

>

> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower salt

> meal.

>

> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

> significantly

>

> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability to

> widen)

>

> within 30 minutes.

>

> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

>

> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal was

>

> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

> meal,

>

> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

> when

>

> normal functioning was restored.

>

> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen after

> a meal

>

> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels in

> the

>

> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>

> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute adverse ef

> fects on

>

> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* said

> the

>

> researchers.

>

> *Salt risks*

>

> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evidenc

> eâ€* to

>

> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and risk of

>

> cardiovascular disease

>

> (CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

> >).

>

> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

> (endothelial

>

> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the development of

>

> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

> metabolic

>

> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in

> the

>

> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of cells

>

> lining blood vessels.

>

> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

> lead to

>

> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative stress

> –

>

> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

>

> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

>

> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

>

> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

> interest

>

> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods and

> typical

>

> meals,â€* they said.

>

> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

> healthy

>

> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>

>

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s

> >and

>

> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>

> *Study details*

>

> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

> sixteen

>

> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

> endothelial

>

> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

> pressure.

>

> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

> Impaired FMD

>

> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically symptomatic

> CVD by

>

> many years.

>

> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high and

> low

>

> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high salt

> meal

>

> than the low salt.

>

> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly reduced

> after

>

> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

>

> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was ingested.

>

> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

> salt meal

>

> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

> subjects

>

> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>

> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

>

> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes blood

>

> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>

> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

> pressure is

>

> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

> functioning.

>

> *Mechanisms*

>

> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt) in t

> he

>

> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

> alterations in

>

> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma sodium

> samples

>

> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

> and eNOS

>

> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>

> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

> acute,

>

> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

> the post

>

> meal phase.

>

> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the observed

>

> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis and

>

> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

> body of

>

> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

> intakes.

>

> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>

> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>

> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in healthy

>

> subjectsâ€*

>

> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>

>

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

> >

>

> --

>

> Ortiz, MS, RD

>

> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>

> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>

> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

> shipped!!! exp.

>

> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>

> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>

> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>

> *

>

> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>

> *

>

> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>

>

[Guest guest]

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:30 PM, Weaver

wrote:

> Oh wait, I did not think that you could weigh out 3.8 g of salt and

> just divide by 2 to get total g of na. I just do not believe that I

> could enjoy a 1 or 1.5 g na diet...yuk!

>

> Sent from my iPhone

>

> On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:05 PM, Weaver

> wrote:

>

>> Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is

>> wow and this would over work your vascular system.

>>

>> Sent from my iPhone

>>

>>

>>

>>> ,

>>>

>>> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

>>> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

>>> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

>>> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>>>

>>> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>>>

>>> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

>>> 写é“：

>>>

>>> å‘件人: Vajda

>>> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation: Study

>>> 收件人: rd-usa

>>> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

>>> solute load

>>>

>>> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

>>> Applebee's meal

>>>

>>> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

>>> didn't eat

>>>

>>> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

>>> American

>>>

>>> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

>>> disagreeing with

>>>

>>> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

>>> at the lowest

>>>

>>> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>>>

>>> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad

>>> about that.

>>>

>>> R Vajda, R.D.

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> ________________________________

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>>>

>>> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>>>

>>> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation:

>>>

>>> Study

>>>

>>> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning

>>> of blood

>>>

>>> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

>>> the *American

>>>

>>> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>>>

>>> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>>>

>>>

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

>>> >–

>>>

>>> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the abili

>>> ty of

>>>

>>> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower

>>> salt meal.

>>>

>>> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

>>> significantly

>>>

>>> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability

>>> to widen)

>>>

>>> within 30 minutes.

>>>

>>> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

>>>

>>> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal

>>> was

>>>

>>> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

>>> meal,

>>>

>>> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

>>> when

>>>

>>> normal functioning was restored.

>>>

>>> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen a

>>> fter a meal

>>>

>>> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels

>>> in the

>>>

>>> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>>>

>>> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute advers

>>> e effects on

>>>

>>> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* s

>>> aid the

>>>

>>> researchers.

>>>

>>> *Salt risks*

>>>

>>> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evi

>>> denceâ€* to

>>>

>>> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and

>>> risk of

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease

>>>

>>> (CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

>>> >).

>>>

>>> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

>>> (endothelial

>>>

>>> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the

>>> development of

>>>

>>> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

>>> metabolic

>>>

>>> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reductio

>>> n in the

>>>

>>> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of

>>> cells

>>>

>>> lining blood vessels.

>>>

>>> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

>>> lead to

>>>

>>> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative

>>> stress –

>>>

>>> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

>>>

>>> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

>>>

>>> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

>>>

>>> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

>>> interest

>>>

>>> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods

>>> and typical

>>>

>>> meals,â€* they said.

>>>

>>> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

>>> healthy

>>>

>>> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>>>

>>>

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s

>>> >and

>>>

>>> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>>>

>>> *Study details*

>>>

>>> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

>>> sixteen

>>>

>>> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

>>> endothelial

>>>

>>> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

>>> pressure.

>>>

>>> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

>>> Impaired FMD

>>>

>>> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically

>>> symptomatic CVD by

>>>

>>> many years.

>>>

>>> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high

>>> and low

>>>

>>> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> than the low salt.

>>>

>>> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly

>>> reduced after

>>>

>>> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

>>>

>>> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was

>>> ingested.

>>>

>>> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

>>> subjects

>>>

>>> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>>>

>>> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes

>>> blood

>>>

>>> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>>>

>>> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

>>> pressure is

>>>

>>> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

>>> functioning.

>>>

>>> *Mechanisms*

>>>

>>> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt)

>>> in the

>>>

>>> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

>>> alterations in

>>>

>>> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma so

>>> dium samples

>>>

>>> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

>>> and eNOS

>>>

>>> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>>>

>>> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

>>> acute,

>>>

>>> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

>>> the post

>>>

>>> meal phase.

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the

>>> observed

>>>

>>> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis

>>> and

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

>>> body of

>>>

>>> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

>>> intakes.

>>>

>>> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>>>

>>> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>>>

>>> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in hea

>>> lthy

>>>

>>> subjectsâ€*

>>>

>>> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>>>

>>>

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

>>> >

>>>

>>> --

>>>

>>> Ortiz, MS, RD

>>>

>>> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>>>

>>> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>>>

>>> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

>>> shipped!!! exp.

>>>

>>> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>>>

>>> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>>>

>>> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>>>

>>>

[Guest guest]

Hi,

Sorry if I am confusing people. I meant we need to distinguish between salt and

sodium when we talk about them. When we say average American people consume 3.4g

per day, we are talking about sodium, not salt. This amount of sodium would

convert to about 8.6g salt. In the study posted, I assume the authors were

talking about table salt, so 3.4g salt would mean about 1.5g sodium, which is

still high for a meal, but not impossible in real life.

When you have the weight of salt, you can figure out the amount of sodium in it

using the atomic masses of sodium and chlorine. Atomic mass tells us the number

of units a certain atom weighs. Table salt is basically sodium chloride, so one

salt molecule contains one sodium atom and one chlorine atom. Sodium's atomic

mass is 23, while chlorine's atomic mass is 35.5. Therefore, a sodium chloride's

molecular mass is 23+35.5=58.5. When you have 3.8g salt (the amount used in the

study), you can first divide 3.8 by 58.5, then multiply it by 23 to get the

weight of the sodium, which is 1.494g in the study.

Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

--- 11å¹´2月9日，周三, Weaver 写é“：

å‘件人: Weaver

主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

收件人: rd-usa

日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,下åˆ5:31

 

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:30 PM, Weaver

wrote:

> Oh wait, I did not think that you could weigh out 3.8 g of salt and

> just divide by 2 to get total g of na. I just do not believe that I

> could enjoy a 1 or 1.5 g na diet...yuk!

>

> Sent from my iPhone

>

> On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:05 PM, Weaver

> wrote:

>

>> Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is

>> wow and this would over work your vascular system.

>>

>> Sent from my iPhone

>>

>>

>>

>>> ,

>>>

>>> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

>>> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

>>> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

>>> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>>>

>>> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>>>

>>> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

>>> 写é“：

>>>

>>> å‘件人: Vajda

>>> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation: Study

>>> 收件人: rd-usa

>>> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

>>> solute load

>>>

>>> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

>>> Applebee's meal

>>>

>>> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

>>> didn't eat

>>>

>>> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

>>> American

>>>

>>> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

>>> disagreeing with

>>>

>>> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

>>> at the lowest

>>>

>>> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>>>

>>> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad

>>> about that.

>>>

>>> R Vajda, R.D.

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> ________________________________

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>>>

>>> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>>>

>>> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation:

>>>

>>> Study

>>>

>>> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning

>>> of blood

>>>

>>> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

>>> the *American

>>>

>>> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>>>

>>> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>>>

>>>

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

>>> >–

>>>

>>> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the abili

>>> ty of

>>>

>>> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower

>>> salt meal.

>>>

>>> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

>>> significantly

>>>

>>> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability

>>> to widen)

>>>

>>> within 30 minutes.

>>>

>>> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

>>>

>>> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal

>>> was

>>>

>>> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

>>> meal,

>>>

>>> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

>>> when

>>>

>>> normal functioning was restored.

>>>

>>> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen a

>>> fter a meal

>>>

>>> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels

>>> in the

>>>

>>> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>>>

>>> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute advers

>>> e effects on

>>>

>>> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* s

>>> aid the

>>>

>>> researchers.

>>>

>>> *Salt risks*

>>>

>>> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evi

>>> denceâ€* to

>>>

>>> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and

>>> risk of

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease

>>>

>>> (CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

>>> >).

>>>

>>> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

>>> (endothelial

>>>

>>> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the

>>> development of

>>>

>>> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

>>> metabolic

>>>

>>> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reductio

>>> n in the

>>>

>>> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of

>>> cells

>>>

>>> lining blood vessels.

>>>

>>> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

>>> lead to

>>>

>>> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative

>>> stress –

>>>

>>> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

>>>

>>> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

>>>

>>> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

>>>

>>> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

>>> interest

>>>

>>> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods

>>> and typical

>>>

>>> meals,â€* they said.

>>>

>>> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

>>> healthy

>>>

>>> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>>>

>>>

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s

>>> >and

>>>

>>> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>>>

>>> *Study details*

>>>

>>> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

>>> sixteen

>>>

>>> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

>>> endothelial

>>>

>>> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

>>> pressure.

>>>

>>> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

>>> Impaired FMD

>>>

>>> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically

>>> symptomatic CVD by

>>>

>>> many years.

>>>

>>> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high

>>> and low

>>>

>>> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> than the low salt.

>>>

>>> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly

>>> reduced after

>>>

>>> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

>>>

>>> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was

>>> ingested.

>>>

>>> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

>>> subjects

>>>

>>> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>>>

>>> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes

>>> blood

>>>

>>> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>>>

>>> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

>>> pressure is

>>>

>>> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

>>> functioning.

>>>

>>> *Mechanisms*

>>>

>>> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt)

>>> in the

>>>

>>> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

>>> alterations in

>>>

>>> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma so

>>> dium samples

>>>

>>> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

>>> and eNOS

>>>

>>> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>>>

>>> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

>>> acute,

>>>

>>> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

>>> the post

>>>

>>> meal phase.

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the

>>> observed

>>>

>>> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis

>>> and

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

>>> body of

>>>

>>> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

>>> intakes.

>>>

>>> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>>>

>>> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>>>

>>> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in hea

>>> lthy

>>>

>>> subjectsâ€*

>>>

>>> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>>>

>>>

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

>>> >

>>>

>>> --

>>>

>>> Ortiz, MS, RD

>>>

>>> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>>>

>>> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>>>

>>> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

>>> shipped!!! exp.

>>>

>>> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>>>

>>> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>>>

>>> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>>>

>>>

[Guest guest]

Hi,

Sorry if I am confusing people. I meant we need to distinguish between salt and

sodium when we talk about them. When we say average American people consume 3.4g

per day, we are talking about sodium, not salt. This amount of sodium would

convert to about 8.6g salt. In the study posted, I assume the authors were

talking about table salt, so 3.4g salt would mean about 1.5g sodium, which is

still high for a meal, but not impossible in real life.

When you have the weight of salt, you can figure out the amount of sodium in it

using the atomic masses of sodium and chlorine. Atomic mass tells us the number

of units a certain atom weighs. Table salt is basically sodium chloride, so one

salt molecule contains one sodium atom and one chlorine atom. Sodium's atomic

mass is 23, while chlorine's atomic mass is 35.5. Therefore, a sodium chloride's

molecular mass is 23+35.5=58.5. When you have 3.8g salt (the amount used in the

study), you can first divide 3.8 by 58.5, then multiply it by 23 to get the

weight of the sodium, which is 1.494g in the study.

Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

--- 11å¹´2月9日，周三, Weaver 写é“：

å‘件人: Weaver

主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

收件人: rd-usa

日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,下åˆ5:31

 

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:30 PM, Weaver

wrote:

> Oh wait, I did not think that you could weigh out 3.8 g of salt and

> just divide by 2 to get total g of na. I just do not believe that I

> could enjoy a 1 or 1.5 g na diet...yuk!

>

> Sent from my iPhone

>

> On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:05 PM, Weaver

> wrote:

>

>> Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is

>> wow and this would over work your vascular system.

>>

>> Sent from my iPhone

>>

>>

>>

>>> ,

>>>

>>> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

>>> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

>>> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

>>> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>>>

>>> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>>>

>>> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

>>> 写é“：

>>>

>>> å‘件人: Vajda

>>> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation: Study

>>> 收件人: rd-usa

>>> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

>>> solute load

>>>

>>> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

>>> Applebee's meal

>>>

>>> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

>>> didn't eat

>>>

>>> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

>>> American

>>>

>>> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

>>> disagreeing with

>>>

>>> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

>>> at the lowest

>>>

>>> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>>>

>>> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad

>>> about that.

>>>

>>> R Vajda, R.D.

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> ________________________________

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>>>

>>> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>>>

>>> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation:

>>>

>>> Study

>>>

>>> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning

>>> of blood

>>>

>>> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

>>> the *American

>>>

>>> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>>>

>>> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>>>

>>>

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

>>> >–

>>>

>>> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the abili

>>> ty of

>>>

>>> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower

>>> salt meal.

>>>

>>> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

>>> significantly

>>>

>>> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability

>>> to widen)

>>>

>>> within 30 minutes.

>>>

>>> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

>>>

>>> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal

>>> was

>>>

>>> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

>>> meal,

>>>

>>> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

>>> when

>>>

>>> normal functioning was restored.

>>>

>>> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen a

>>> fter a meal

>>>

>>> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels

>>> in the

>>>

>>> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>>>

>>> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute advers

>>> e effects on

>>>

>>> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* s

>>> aid the

>>>

>>> researchers.

>>>

>>> *Salt risks*

>>>

>>> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evi

>>> denceâ€* to

>>>

>>> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and

>>> risk of

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease

>>>

>>> (CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

>>> >).

>>>

>>> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

>>> (endothelial

>>>

>>> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the

>>> development of

>>>

>>> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

>>> metabolic

>>>

>>> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reductio

>>> n in the

>>>

>>> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of

>>> cells

>>>

>>> lining blood vessels.

>>>

>>> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

>>> lead to

>>>

>>> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative

>>> stress –

>>>

>>> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

>>>

>>> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

>>>

>>> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

>>>

>>> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

>>> interest

>>>

>>> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods

>>> and typical

>>>

>>> meals,â€* they said.

>>>

>>> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

>>> healthy

>>>

>>> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>>>

>>>

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s

>>> >and

>>>

>>> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>>>

>>> *Study details*

>>>

>>> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

>>> sixteen

>>>

>>> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

>>> endothelial

>>>

>>> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

>>> pressure.

>>>

>>> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

>>> Impaired FMD

>>>

>>> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically

>>> symptomatic CVD by

>>>

>>> many years.

>>>

>>> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high

>>> and low

>>>

>>> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> than the low salt.

>>>

>>> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly

>>> reduced after

>>>

>>> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

>>>

>>> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was

>>> ingested.

>>>

>>> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

>>> subjects

>>>

>>> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>>>

>>> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes

>>> blood

>>>

>>> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>>>

>>> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

>>> pressure is

>>>

>>> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

>>> functioning.

>>>

>>> *Mechanisms*

>>>

>>> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt)

>>> in the

>>>

>>> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

>>> alterations in

>>>

>>> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma so

>>> dium samples

>>>

>>> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

>>> and eNOS

>>>

>>> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>>>

>>> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

>>> acute,

>>>

>>> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

>>> the post

>>>

>>> meal phase.

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the

>>> observed

>>>

>>> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis

>>> and

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

>>> body of

>>>

>>> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

>>> intakes.

>>>

>>> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>>>

>>> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>>>

>>> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in hea

>>> lthy

>>>

>>> subjectsâ€*

>>>

>>> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>>>

>>>

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

>>> >

>>>

>>> --

>>>

>>> Ortiz, MS, RD

>>>

>>> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>>>

>>> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>>>

>>> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

>>> shipped!!! exp.

>>>

>>> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>>>

>>> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>>>

>>> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>>>

>>>

[Guest guest]

Hi,

Sorry if I am confusing people. I meant we need to distinguish between salt and

sodium when we talk about them. When we say average American people consume 3.4g

per day, we are talking about sodium, not salt. This amount of sodium would

convert to about 8.6g salt. In the study posted, I assume the authors were

talking about table salt, so 3.4g salt would mean about 1.5g sodium, which is

still high for a meal, but not impossible in real life.

When you have the weight of salt, you can figure out the amount of sodium in it

using the atomic masses of sodium and chlorine. Atomic mass tells us the number

of units a certain atom weighs. Table salt is basically sodium chloride, so one

salt molecule contains one sodium atom and one chlorine atom. Sodium's atomic

mass is 23, while chlorine's atomic mass is 35.5. Therefore, a sodium chloride's

molecular mass is 23+35.5=58.5. When you have 3.8g salt (the amount used in the

study), you can first divide 3.8 by 58.5, then multiply it by 23 to get the

weight of the sodium, which is 1.494g in the study.

Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

--- 11å¹´2月9日，周三, Weaver 写é“：

å‘件人: Weaver

主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

收件人: rd-usa

日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,下åˆ5:31

 

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:30 PM, Weaver

wrote:

> Oh wait, I did not think that you could weigh out 3.8 g of salt and

> just divide by 2 to get total g of na. I just do not believe that I

> could enjoy a 1 or 1.5 g na diet...yuk!

>

> Sent from my iPhone

>

> On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:05 PM, Weaver

> wrote:

>

>> Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is

>> wow and this would over work your vascular system.

>>

>> Sent from my iPhone

>>

>>

>>

>>> ,

>>>

>>> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

>>> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

>>> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

>>> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>>>

>>> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>>>

>>> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

>>> 写é“：

>>>

>>> å‘件人: Vajda

>>> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation: Study

>>> 收件人: rd-usa

>>> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

>>> solute load

>>>

>>> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

>>> Applebee's meal

>>>

>>> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

>>> didn't eat

>>>

>>> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

>>> American

>>>

>>> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

>>> disagreeing with

>>>

>>> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

>>> at the lowest

>>>

>>> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>>>

>>> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad

>>> about that.

>>>

>>> R Vajda, R.D.

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> ________________________________

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>>>

>>> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>>>

>>> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation:

>>>

>>> Study

>>>

>>> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning

>>> of blood

>>>

>>> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

>>> the *American

>>>

>>> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>>>

>>> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>>>

>>>

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

>>> >–

>>>

>>> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the abili

>>> ty of

>>>

>>> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower

>>> salt meal.

>>>

>>> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

>>> significantly

>>>

>>> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability

>>> to widen)

>>>

>>> within 30 minutes.

>>>

>>> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

>>>

>>> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal

>>> was

>>>

>>> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

>>> meal,

>>>

>>> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

>>> when

>>>

>>> normal functioning was restored.

>>>

>>> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen a

>>> fter a meal

>>>

>>> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels

>>> in the

>>>

>>> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>>>

>>> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute advers

>>> e effects on

>>>

>>> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* s

>>> aid the

>>>

>>> researchers.

>>>

>>> *Salt risks*

>>>

>>> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evi

>>> denceâ€* to

>>>

>>> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and

>>> risk of

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease

>>>

>>> (CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

>>> >).

>>>

>>> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

>>> (endothelial

>>>

>>> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the

>>> development of

>>>

>>> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

>>> metabolic

>>>

>>> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reductio

>>> n in the

>>>

>>> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of

>>> cells

>>>

>>> lining blood vessels.

>>>

>>> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

>>> lead to

>>>

>>> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative

>>> stress –

>>>

>>> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

>>>

>>> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

>>>

>>> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

>>>

>>> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

>>> interest

>>>

>>> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods

>>> and typical

>>>

>>> meals,â€* they said.

>>>

>>> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

>>> healthy

>>>

>>> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>>>

>>>

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s

>>> >and

>>>

>>> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>>>

>>> *Study details*

>>>

>>> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

>>> sixteen

>>>

>>> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

>>> endothelial

>>>

>>> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

>>> pressure.

>>>

>>> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

>>> Impaired FMD

>>>

>>> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically

>>> symptomatic CVD by

>>>

>>> many years.

>>>

>>> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high

>>> and low

>>>

>>> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> than the low salt.

>>>

>>> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly

>>> reduced after

>>>

>>> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

>>>

>>> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was

>>> ingested.

>>>

>>> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

>>> subjects

>>>

>>> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>>>

>>> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes

>>> blood

>>>

>>> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>>>

>>> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

>>> pressure is

>>>

>>> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

>>> functioning.

>>>

>>> *Mechanisms*

>>>

>>> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt)

>>> in the

>>>

>>> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

>>> alterations in

>>>

>>> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma so

>>> dium samples

>>>

>>> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

>>> and eNOS

>>>

>>> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>>>

>>> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

>>> acute,

>>>

>>> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

>>> the post

>>>

>>> meal phase.

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the

>>> observed

>>>

>>> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis

>>> and

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

>>> body of

>>>

>>> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

>>> intakes.

>>>

>>> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>>>

>>> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>>>

>>> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in hea

>>> lthy

>>>

>>> subjectsâ€*

>>>

>>> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>>>

>>>

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

>>> >

>>>

>>> --

>>>

>>> Ortiz, MS, RD

>>>

>>> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>>>

>>> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>>>

>>> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

>>> shipped!!! exp.

>>>

>>> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>>>

>>> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>>>

>>> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>>>

>>>

[Guest guest]

I also want to add that in reality, we probably shouldn't convert the average

American's 3.4g daily sodium intake into table salt because a large portion of

it comes from other food additives in processed foods, such as MSG (monosodium

glutamate), sodium nitrite (often seen in ham or other cured meat), sodium

bicarbonate (baking soda), etc. Note that hey all have sodium, but they are

other sodium compounds, not sodium chloride. That's also likely the reason why

we are always talking about low sodium diet, 1.5g sodium diet, etc, instead of

using the word " salt " .

On the other hand, if your client tells you the amount of salt he/she uses, you

can certainly estimate the sodium in it and see how his/her table salt habit

contributes to the total sodium intake. Or in this case, when a research study

uses salt, you can translate that into sodium.

Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

--- 11å¹´2月9日，周三, ruiwen qin 写é“：

å‘件人: ruiwen qin

主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

收件人: rd-usa

日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,下åˆ6:47

 

Hi,

Sorry if I am confusing people. I meant we need to distinguish between salt and

sodium when we talk about them. When we say average American people consume 3.4g

per day, we are talking about sodium, not salt. This amount of sodium would

convert to about 8.6g salt. In the study posted, I assume the authors were

talking about table salt, so 3.4g salt would mean about 1.5g sodium, which is

still high for a meal, but not impossible in real life.

When you have the weight of salt, you can figure out the amount of sodium in it

using the atomic masses of sodium and chlorine. Atomic mass tells us the number

of units a certain atom weighs. Table salt is basically sodium chloride, so one

salt molecule contains one sodium atom and one chlorine atom. Sodium's atomic

mass is 23, while chlorine's atomic mass is 35.5. Therefore, a sodium chloride's

molecular mass is 23+35.5=58.5. When you have 3.8g salt (the amount used in the

study), you can first divide 3.8 by 58.5, then multiply it by 23 to get the

weight of the sodium, which is 1.494g in the study.

Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

--- 11å¹´2月9日，周三, Weaver 写é“：

å‘件人: Weaver

主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

收件人: rd-usa

日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,下åˆ5:31

 

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:30 PM, Weaver

wrote:

> Oh wait, I did not think that you could weigh out 3.8 g of salt and

> just divide by 2 to get total g of na. I just do not believe that I

> could enjoy a 1 or 1.5 g na diet...yuk!

>

> Sent from my iPhone

>

> On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:05 PM, Weaver

> wrote:

>

>> Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is

>> wow and this would over work your vascular system.

>>

>> Sent from my iPhone

>>

>>

>>

>>> ,

>>>

>>> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

>>> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

>>> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

>>> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>>>

>>> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>>>

>>> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

>>> 写é“：

>>>

>>> å‘件人: Vajda

>>> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation: Study

>>> 收件人: rd-usa

>>> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

>>> solute load

>>>

>>> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

>>> Applebee's meal

>>>

>>> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

>>> didn't eat

>>>

>>> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

>>> American

>>>

>>> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

>>> disagreeing with

>>>

>>> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

>>> at the lowest

>>>

>>> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>>>

>>> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad

>>> about that.

>>>

>>> R Vajda, R.D.

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> ________________________________

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>>>

>>> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>>>

>>> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation:

>>>

>>> Study

>>>

>>> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning

>>> of blood

>>>

>>> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

>>> the *American

>>>

>>> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>>>

>>> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>>>

>>>

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

>>> >–

>>>

>>> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the abili

>>> ty of

>>>

>>> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower

>>> salt meal.

>>>

>>> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

>>> significantly

>>>

>>> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability

>>> to widen)

>>>

>>> within 30 minutes.

>>>

>>> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

>>>

>>> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal

>>> was

>>>

>>> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

>>> meal,

>>>

>>> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

>>> when

>>>

>>> normal functioning was restored.

>>>

>>> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen a

>>> fter a meal

>>>

>>> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels

>>> in the

>>>

>>> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>>>

>>> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute advers

>>> e effects on

>>>

>>> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* s

>>> aid the

>>>

>>> researchers.

>>>

>>> *Salt risks*

>>>

>>> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evi

>>> denceâ€* to

>>>

>>> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and

>>> risk of

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease

>>>

>>> (CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

>>> >).

>>>

>>> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

>>> (endothelial

>>>

>>> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the

>>> development of

>>>

>>> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

>>> metabolic

>>>

>>> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reductio

>>> n in the

>>>

>>> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of

>>> cells

>>>

>>> lining blood vessels.

>>>

>>> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

>>> lead to

>>>

>>> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative

>>> stress –

>>>

>>> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

>>>

>>> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

>>>

>>> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

>>>

>>> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

>>> interest

>>>

>>> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods

>>> and typical

>>>

>>> meals,â€* they said.

>>>

>>> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

>>> healthy

>>>

>>> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>>>

>>>

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s

>>> >and

>>>

>>> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>>>

>>> *Study details*

>>>

>>> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

>>> sixteen

>>>

>>> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

>>> endothelial

>>>

>>> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

>>> pressure.

>>>

>>> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

>>> Impaired FMD

>>>

>>> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically

>>> symptomatic CVD by

>>>

>>> many years.

>>>

>>> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high

>>> and low

>>>

>>> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> than the low salt.

>>>

>>> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly

>>> reduced after

>>>

>>> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

>>>

>>> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was

>>> ingested.

>>>

>>> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

>>> subjects

>>>

>>> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>>>

>>> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes

>>> blood

>>>

>>> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>>>

>>> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

>>> pressure is

>>>

>>> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

>>> functioning.

>>>

>>> *Mechanisms*

>>>

>>> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt)

>>> in the

>>>

>>> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

>>> alterations in

>>>

>>> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma so

>>> dium samples

>>>

>>> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

>>> and eNOS

>>>

>>> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>>>

>>> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

>>> acute,

>>>

>>> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

>>> the post

>>>

>>> meal phase.

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the

>>> observed

>>>

>>> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis

>>> and

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

>>> body of

>>>

>>> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

>>> intakes.

>>>

>>> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>>>

>>> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>>>

>>> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in hea

>>> lthy

>>>

>>> subjectsâ€*

>>>

>>> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>>>

>>>

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

>>> >

>>>

>>> --

>>>

>>> Ortiz, MS, RD

>>>

>>> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>>>

>>> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>>>

>>> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

>>> shipped!!! exp.

>>>

>>> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>>>

>>> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>>>

>>> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>>>

>>>

[Guest guest]

Thanks Ruiwen,

I appreciate the reminder that salt and sodium are different. It is easy to

talk about them somewhat interchangeably in everyday language but the math

really shows what we are talking about.

R Vajda, R.D.

________________________________

To: rd-usa

Sent: Wed, February 9, 2011 6:47:11 PM

Subject: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

circulation: Study

Hi,

Sorry if I am confusing people. I meant we need to distinguish between salt and

sodium when we talk about them. When we say average American people consume 3.4g

per day, we are talking about sodium, not salt. This amount of sodium would

convert to about 8.6g salt. In the study posted, I assume the authors were

talking about table salt, so 3.4g salt would mean about 1.5g sodium, which is

still high for a meal, but not impossible in real life.

When you have the weight of salt, you can figure out the amount of sodium in it

using the atomic masses of sodium and chlorine. Atomic mass tells us the number

of units a certain atom weighs. Table salt is basically sodium chloride, so one

salt molecule contains one sodium atom and one chlorine atom. Sodium's atomic

mass is 23, while chlorine's atomic mass is 35.5. Therefore, a sodium chloride's

molecular mass is 23+35.5=58.5. When you have 3.8g salt (the amount used in the

study), you can first divide 3.8 by 58.5, then multiply it by 23 to get the

weight of the sodium, which is 1.494g in the study.

Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

--- 11å¹´2月9日，周三, Weaver 写é“：

å‘件人: Weaver

主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

收件人: rd-usa

日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,下åˆ5:31

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:30 PM, Weaver

wrote:

> Oh wait, I did not think that you could weigh out 3.8 g of salt and

> just divide by 2 to get total g of na. I just do not believe that I

> could enjoy a 1 or 1.5 g na diet...yuk!

>

> Sent from my iPhone

>

> On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:05 PM, Weaver

> wrote:

>

>> Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is

>> wow and this would over work your vascular system.

>>

>> Sent from my iPhone

>>

>>

>>

>>> ,

>>>

>>> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

>>> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

>>> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

>>> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>>>

>>> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>>>

>>> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

>>> 写é“：

>>>

>>> å‘件人: Vajda

>>> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation: Study

>>> 收件人: rd-usa

>>> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

>>> solute load

>>>

>>> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

>>> Applebee's meal

>>>

>>> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

>>> didn't eat

>>>

>>> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

>>> American

>>>

>>> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

>>> disagreeing with

>>>

>>> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

>>> at the lowest

>>>

>>> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>>>

>>> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad

>>> about that.

>>>

>>> R Vajda, R.D.

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> ________________________________

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>>>

>>> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>>>

>>> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>>> circulation:

>>>

>>> Study

>>>

>>> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning

>>> of blood

>>>

>>> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

>>> the *American

>>>

>>> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>>>

>>> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>>>

>>>

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

>

>>> >–

>>>

>>> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the abili

>>> ty of

>>>

>>> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower

>>> salt meal.

>>>

>>> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

>>> significantly

>>>

>>> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability

>>> to widen)

>>>

>>> within 30 minutes.

>>>

>>> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

>>>

>>> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal

>>> was

>>>

>>> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

>>> meal,

>>>

>>> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

>>> when

>>>

>>> normal functioning was restored.

>>>

>>> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen a

>>> fter a meal

>>>

>>> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels

>>> in the

>>>

>>> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>>>

>>> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute advers

>>> e effects on

>>>

>>> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* s

>>> aid the

>>>

>>> researchers.

>>>

>>> *Salt risks*

>>>

>>> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evi

>>> denceâ€* to

>>>

>>> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and

>>> risk of

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease

>>>

>>> (CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

>>> >).

>>>

>>> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

>>> (endothelial

>>>

>>> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the

>>> development of

>>>

>>> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

>>> metabolic

>>>

>>> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reductio

>>> n in the

>>>

>>> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of

>>> cells

>>>

>>> lining blood vessels.

>>>

>>> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

>>> lead to

>>>

>>> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative

>>> stress –

>>>

>>> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood vessel

>>>

>>> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been studied.

>>>

>>> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect on

>>>

>>> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

>>> interest

>>>

>>> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods

>>> and typical

>>>

>>> meals,â€* they said.

>>>

>>> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

>>> healthy

>>>

>>> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>>>

>>>sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & From\

News

>>>s

>>>

>>> >and

>>>

>>> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>>>

>>> *Study details*

>>>

>>> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

>>> sixteen

>>>

>>> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

>>> endothelial

>>>

>>> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

>>> pressure.

>>>

>>> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

>>> Impaired FMD

>>>

>>> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically

>>> symptomatic CVD by

>>>

>>> many years.

>>>

>>> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high

>>> and low

>>>

>>> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> than the low salt.

>>>

>>> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly

>>> reduced after

>>>

>>> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greatest

>>>

>>> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was

>>> ingested.

>>>

>>> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

>>> salt meal

>>>

>>> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

>>> subjects

>>>

>>> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>>>

>>> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in FMD,

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes

>>> blood

>>>

>>> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>>>

>>> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

>>> pressure is

>>>

>>> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

>>> functioning.

>>>

>>> *Mechanisms*

>>>

>>> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt)

>>> in the

>>>

>>> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

>>> alterations in

>>>

>>> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma so

>>> dium samples

>>>

>>> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

>>> and eNOS

>>>

>>> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>>>

>>> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

>>> acute,

>>>

>>> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

>>> the post

>>>

>>> meal phase.

>>>

>>> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the

>>> observed

>>>

>>> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis

>>> and

>>>

>>> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

>>> body of

>>>

>>> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

>>> intakes.

>>>

>>> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>>>

>>> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>>>

>>> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in hea

>>> lthy

>>>

>>> subjectsâ€*

>>>

>>> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>>>

>>>LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-\

have-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_\

source=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

>>>y

>>>

>>> >

>>>

>>> --

>>>

>>> Ortiz, MS, RD

>>>

>>> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>>>

>>> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>>>

>>> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

>>> shipped!!! exp.

>>>

>>> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>>>

>>> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>>>

>>> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>>>

>>> *

>>>

>>> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>>>

>>>

[Guest guest]

Yes, thanks and now I see that the study means one meal and not a

daily intake:)

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 10, 2011, at 12:03 AM, Vajda

wrote:

> Thanks Ruiwen,

>

> I appreciate the reminder that salt and sodium are different. It is

> easy to

> talk about them somewhat interchangeably in everyday language but

> the math

> really shows what we are talking about.

>

> R Vajda, R.D.

>

>

> ________________________________

>

> To: rd-usa

> Sent: Wed, February 9, 2011 6:47:11 PM

> Subject: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation: Study

>

> Hi,

>

> Sorry if I am confusing people. I meant we need to distinguish

> between salt and

> sodium when we talk about them. When we say average American people

> consume 3.4g

> per day, we are talking about sodium, not salt. This amount of

> sodium would

> convert to about 8.6g salt. In the study posted, I assume the

> authors were

> talking about table salt, so 3.4g salt would mean about 1.5g sodium,

> which is

> still high for a meal, but not impossible in real life.

>

> When you have the weight of salt, you can figure out the amount of

> sodium in it

> using the atomic masses of sodium and chlorine. Atomic mass tells us

> the number

> of units a certain atom weighs. Table salt is basically sodium

> chloride, so one

> salt molecule contains one sodium atom and one chlorine atom.

> Sodium's atomic

> mass is 23, while chlorine's atomic mass is 35.5. Therefore, a

> sodium chloride's

> molecular mass is 23+35.5=58.5. When you have 3.8g salt (the amount

> used in the

> study), you can first divide 3.8 by 58.5, then multiply it by 23 to

> get the

> weight of the sodium, which is 1.494g in the study.

>

> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Weaver 写

> é“：

>

> å‘件人: Weaver

> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation:

> Study

> 收件人: rd-usa

> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,下åˆ5:31

>

> Sent from my iPhone

>

> On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:30 PM, Weaver

>

> wrote:

>

> > Oh wait, I did not think that you could weigh out 3.8 g of salt and

>

> > just divide by 2 to get total g of na. I just do not believe that I

>

> > could enjoy a 1 or 1.5 g na diet...yuk!

>

> >

>

> > Sent from my iPhone

>

> >

>

> > On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:05 PM, Weaver

>

> > wrote:

>

> >

>

> >> Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is

>

> >> wow and this would over work your vascular system.

>

> >>

>

> >> Sent from my iPhone

>

> >>

>

> >>

>

> >>

>

> >>> ,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

>

> >>> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

>

> >>> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

>

> >>> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>

> >>>

>

> >>> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

>

> >>> 写é“：

>

> >>>

>

> >>> å‘件人: Vajda

>

> >>> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects

> on

>

> >>> circulation: Study

>

> >>> 收件人: rd-usa

>

> >>> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

>

> >>> solute load

>

> >>>

>

> >>> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

>

> >>> Applebee's meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

>

> >>> didn't eat

>

> >>>

>

> >>> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

>

> >>> American

>

> >>>

>

> >>> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

>

> >>> disagreeing with

>

> >>>

>

> >>> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

>

> >>> at the lowest

>

> >>>

>

> >>> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad

>

> >>> about that.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> R Vajda, R.D.

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> ________________________________

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>

> >>> circulation:

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Study

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning

>

> >>> of blood

>

> >>>

>

> >>> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

>

> >>> the *American

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

> >

>

> >>> >–

>

> >>>

>

> >>> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the abili

>

> >>> ty of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower

>

> >>> salt meal.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

>

> >>> significantly

>

> >>>

>

> >>> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability

>

> >>> to widen)

>

> >>>

>

> >>> within 30 minutes.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial

> Research

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal

>

> >>> was

>

> >>>

>

> >>> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

>

> >>> meal,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

>

> >>> when

>

> >>>

>

> >>> normal functioning was restored.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen a

>

> >>> fter a meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels

>

> >>> in the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute advers

>

> >>> e effects on

>

> >>>

>

> >>> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* s

>

> >>> aid the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> researchers.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Salt risks*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evi

>

> >>> denceâ€* to

>

> >>>

>

> >>> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and

>

> >>> risk of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> cardiovascular disease

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

(CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

>

> >>> >).

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

>

> >>> (endothelial

>

> >>>

>

> >>> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the

>

> >>> development of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

>

> >>> metabolic

>

> >>>

>

> >>> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reductio

>

> >>> n in the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of

>

> >>> cells

>

> >>>

>

> >>> lining blood vessels.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

>

> >>> lead to

>

> >>>

>

> >>> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative

>

> >>> stress –

>

> >>>

>

> >>> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood

> vessel

>

> >>>

>

> >>> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been

> studied.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect

> on

>

> >>>

>

> >>> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

>

> >>> interest

>

> >>>

>

> >>> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods

>

> >>> and typical

>

> >>>

>

> >>> meals,â€* they said.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

>

> >>> healthy

>

> >>>

>

> >>> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>

> >>>

>

>

>>>sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & From\

News

> >>>s

> >>>

>

> >>> >and

>

> >>>

>

> >>> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Study details*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

>

> >>> sixteen

>

> >>>

>

> >>> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

>

> >>> endothelial

>

> >>>

>

> >>> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

>

> >>> pressure.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

>

> >>> Impaired FMD

>

> >>>

>

> >>> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically

>

> >>> symptomatic CVD by

>

> >>>

>

> >>> many years.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high

>

> >>> and low

>

> >>>

>

> >>> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high

>

> >>> salt meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> than the low salt.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly

>

> >>> reduced after

>

> >>>

>

> >>> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greate

> st

>

> >>>

>

> >>> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was

>

> >>> ingested.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

>

> >>> salt meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

>

> >>> subjects

>

> >>>

>

> >>> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in

> FMD,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes

>

> >>> blood

>

> >>>

>

> >>> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

>

> >>> pressure is

>

> >>>

>

> >>> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

>

> >>> functioning.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Mechanisms*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt)

>

> >>> in the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

>

> >>> alterations in

>

> >>>

>

> >>> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma so

>

> >>> dium samples

>

> >>>

>

> >>> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

>

> >>> and eNOS

>

> >>>

>

> >>> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

>

> >>> acute,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

>

> >>> the post

>

> >>>

>

> >>> meal phase.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the

>

> >>> observed

>

> >>>

>

> >>> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis

>

> >>> and

>

> >>>

>

> >>> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

>

> >>> body of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

>

> >>> intakes.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in hea

>

> >>> lthy

>

> >>>

>

> >>> subjectsâ€*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>

> >>>

>

>

>>>LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-\

have-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_\

source=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

> >>>y

> >>>

>

> >>> >

>

> >>>

>

> >>> --

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Ortiz, MS, RD

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

>

> >>> shipped!!! exp.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>

> >>>

>

> >>> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

[Guest guest]

I agree! Studies need to be on Total Na only.

Sent from my iPhone

> I also want to add that in reality, we probably shouldn't convert

> the average American's 3.4g daily sodium intake into table salt

> because a large portion of it comes from other food additives in

> processed foods, such as MSG (monosodium glutamate), sodium nitrite

> (often seen in ham or other cured meat), sodium bicarbonate (baking

> soda), etc. Note that hey all have sodium, but they are other sodium

> compounds, not sodium chloride. That's also likely the reason why we

> are always talking about low sodium diet, 1.5g sodium diet, etc,

> instead of using the word " salt " .

>

> On the other hand, if your client tells you the amount of salt he/

> she uses, you can certainly estimate the sodium in it and see how

> his/her table salt habit contributes to the total sodium intake. Or

> in this case, when a research study uses salt, you can translate

> that into sodium.

>

> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>

> --- 11å¹´2月9日，周三, ruiwen qin 写é“：

>

> å‘件人: ruiwen qin

> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation: Study

> 收件人: rd-usa

> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,下åˆ6:47

>

>

>

> Hi,

>

> Sorry if I am confusing people. I meant we need to distinguish

> between salt and sodium when we talk about them. When we say average

> American people consume 3.4g per day, we are talking about sodium,

> not salt. This amount of sodium would convert to about 8.6g salt. In

> the study posted, I assume the authors were talking about

> table salt, so 3.4g salt would mean about 1.5g sodium, which is

> still high for a meal, but not impossible in real life.

>

> When you have the weight of salt, you can figure out the amount of

> sodium in it using the atomic masses of sodium and chlorine. Atomic

> mass tells us the number of units a certain atom weighs. Table salt

> is basically sodium chloride, so one salt molecule contains one

> sodium atom and one chlorine atom. Sodium's atomic mass is 23, while

> chlorine's atomic mass is 35.5. Therefore, a sodium chloride's

> molecular mass is 23+35.5=58.5. When you have 3.8g salt (the amount

> used in the study), you can first divide 3.8 by 58.5, then multiply

> it by 23 to get the weight of the sodium, which is 1.494g in the

> study.

>

> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>

> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Weaver 写

> é“：

>

> å‘件人: Weaver

>

> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation: Study

>

> 收件人: rd-usa

>

> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,下åˆ5:31

>

>

>

> Sent from my iPhone

>

> On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:30 PM, Weaver

>

> wrote:

>

> > Oh wait, I did not think that you could weigh out 3.8 g of salt and

>

> > just divide by 2 to get total g of na. I just do not believe that I

>

> > could enjoy a 1 or 1.5 g na diet...yuk!

>

> >

>

> > Sent from my iPhone

>

> >

>

> > On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:05 PM, Weaver

>

> > wrote:

>

> >

>

> >> Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is

>

> >> wow and this would over work your vascular system.

>

> >>

>

> >> Sent from my iPhone

>

> >>

>

> >>

>

> >>

>

> >>> ,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

>

> >>> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

>

> >>> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

>

> >>> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>

> >>>

>

> >>> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

>

> >>> 写é“：

>

> >>>

>

> >>> å‘件人: Vajda

>

> >>> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects

> on

>

> >>> circulation: Study

>

> >>> 收件人: rd-usa

>

> >>> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

>

> >>> solute load

>

> >>>

>

> >>> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

>

> >>> Applebee's meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

>

> >>> didn't eat

>

> >>>

>

> >>> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

>

> >>> American

>

> >>>

>

> >>> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

>

> >>> disagreeing with

>

> >>>

>

> >>> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

>

> >>> at the lowest

>

> >>>

>

> >>> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad

>

> >>> about that.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> R Vajda, R.D.

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> ________________________________

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>

> >>> circulation:

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Study

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning

>

> >>> of blood

>

> >>>

>

> >>> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

>

> >>> the *American

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

>

> >>> >–

>

> >>>

>

> >>> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the abili

>

> >>> ty of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower

>

> >>> salt meal.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

>

> >>> significantly

>

> >>>

>

> >>> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability

>

> >>> to widen)

>

> >>>

>

> >>> within 30 minutes.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial

> Research

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal

>

> >>> was

>

> >>>

>

> >>> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

>

> >>> meal,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

>

> >>> when

>

> >>>

>

> >>> normal functioning was restored.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen a

>

> >>> fter a meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels

>

> >>> in the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute advers

>

> >>> e effects on

>

> >>>

>

> >>> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* s

>

> >>> aid the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> researchers.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Salt risks*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evi

>

> >>> denceâ€* to

>

> >>>

>

> >>> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and

>

> >>> risk of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> cardiovascular disease

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

(CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

>

> >>> >).

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

>

> >>> (endothelial

>

> >>>

>

> >>> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the

>

> >>> development of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

>

> >>> metabolic

>

> >>>

>

> >>> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reductio

>

> >>> n in the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of

>

> >>> cells

>

> >>>

>

> >>> lining blood vessels.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

>

> >>> lead to

>

> >>>

>

> >>> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative

>

> >>> stress –

>

> >>>

>

> >>> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood

> vessel

>

> >>>

>

> >>> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been

> studied.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect

> on

>

> >>>

>

> >>> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

>

> >>> interest

>

> >>>

>

> >>> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods

>

> >>> and typical

>

> >>>

>

> >>> meals,â€* they said.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

>

> >>> healthy

>

> >>>

>

> >>> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & FromNew\

s

>

> >>> >and

>

> >>>

>

> >>> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Study details*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

>

> >>> sixteen

>

> >>>

>

> >>> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

>

> >>> endothelial

>

> >>>

>

> >>> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

>

> >>> pressure.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

>

> >>> Impaired FMD

>

> >>>

>

> >>> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically

>

> >>> symptomatic CVD by

>

> >>>

>

> >>> many years.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high

>

> >>> and low

>

> >>>

>

> >>> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high

>

> >>> salt meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> than the low salt.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly

>

> >>> reduced after

>

> >>>

>

> >>> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greate

> st

>

> >>>

>

> >>> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was

>

> >>> ingested.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

>

> >>> salt meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

>

> >>> subjects

>

> >>>

>

> >>> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in

> FMD,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes

>

> >>> blood

>

> >>>

>

> >>> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

>

> >>> pressure is

>

> >>>

>

> >>> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

>

> >>> functioning.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Mechanisms*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt)

>

> >>> in the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

>

> >>> alterations in

>

> >>>

>

> >>> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma so

>

> >>> dium samples

>

> >>>

>

> >>> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

>

> >>> and eNOS

>

> >>>

>

> >>> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

>

> >>> acute,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

>

> >>> the post

>

> >>>

>

> >>> meal phase.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the

>

> >>> observed

>

> >>>

>

> >>> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis

>

> >>> and

>

> >>>

>

> >>> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

>

> >>> body of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

>

> >>> intakes.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in hea

>

> >>> lthy

>

> >>>

>

> >>> subjectsâ€*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-hav\

e-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_sou\

rce=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

>

> >>> >

>

> >>>

>

> >>> --

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Ortiz, MS, RD

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

>

> >>> shipped!!! exp.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>

> >>>

>

> >>> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

[Guest guest]

You are very welcome! :-) And for your convenience, you can just remember that

table salt is roughly 40% sodium. This means when you have the weight of the

salt, you just multiply it by 40% to get the sodium.

Ruiwen

--- 11å¹´2月10日，周四, Weaver 写é“：

å‘件人: Weaver

主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on circulation:

Study

收件人: " rd-usa " <rd-usa >

日期: 2011å¹´2月10æ—¥,周四,上åˆ1:57

 

Yes, thanks and now I see that the study means one meal and not a

daily intake:)

Sent from my iPhone

On Feb 10, 2011, at 12:03 AM, Vajda

wrote:

> Thanks Ruiwen,

>

> I appreciate the reminder that salt and sodium are different. It is

> easy to

> talk about them somewhat interchangeably in everyday language but

> the math

> really shows what we are talking about.

>

> R Vajda, R.D.

>

>

> ________________________________

>

> To: rd-usa

> Sent: Wed, February 9, 2011 6:47:11 PM

> Subject: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation: Study

>

> Hi,

>

> Sorry if I am confusing people. I meant we need to distinguish

> between salt and

> sodium when we talk about them. When we say average American people

> consume 3.4g

> per day, we are talking about sodium, not salt. This amount of

> sodium would

> convert to about 8.6g salt. In the study posted, I assume the

> authors were

> talking about table salt, so 3.4g salt would mean about 1.5g sodium,

> which is

> still high for a meal, but not impossible in real life.

>

> When you have the weight of salt, you can figure out the amount of

> sodium in it

> using the atomic masses of sodium and chlorine. Atomic mass tells us

> the number

> of units a certain atom weighs. Table salt is basically sodium

> chloride, so one

> salt molecule contains one sodium atom and one chlorine atom.

> Sodium's atomic

> mass is 23, while chlorine's atomic mass is 35.5. Therefore, a

> sodium chloride's

> molecular mass is 23+35.5=58.5. When you have 3.8g salt (the amount

> used in the

> study), you can first divide 3.8 by 58.5, then multiply it by 23 to

> get the

> weight of the sodium, which is 1.494g in the study.

>

> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Weaver 写

> é“：

>

> å‘件人: Weaver

> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

> circulation:

> Study

> 收件人: rd-usa

> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,下åˆ5:31

>

> Sent from my iPhone

>

> On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:30 PM, Weaver

>

> wrote:

>

> > Oh wait, I did not think that you could weigh out 3.8 g of salt and

>

> > just divide by 2 to get total g of na. I just do not believe that I

>

> > could enjoy a 1 or 1.5 g na diet...yuk!

>

> >

>

> > Sent from my iPhone

>

> >

>

> > On Feb 9, 2011, at 5:05 PM, Weaver

>

> > wrote:

>

> >

>

> >> Hi , you are right 3.8g of na is high but 3.8g of salt is

>

> >> wow and this would over work your vascular system.

>

> >>

>

> >> Sent from my iPhone

>

> >>

>

> >>

>

> >>

>

> >>> ,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> I just happened to notice this due to my chemistry background. :-)

>

> >>> The research posted said " 3.8g of salt " , not 3.8g of sodium.

>

> >>> Note that there is chloride and sodium in salt. If you get rid of

>

> >>> the chloride, 3.8g salt contains about 1.495g sodium.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Ruiwen Qin, MS, RD

>

> >>>

>

> >>> --- 11年2月9日，周三, Vajda

>

> >>> 写é“：

>

> >>>

>

> >>> å‘件人: Vajda

>

> >>> 主题: Re: High salt intake may have immediate effects

> on

>

> >>> circulation: Study

>

> >>> 收件人: rd-usa

>

> >>> 日期: 2011å¹´2月9æ—¥,周三,上åˆ9:24

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> 3.8 grams of salt in one meal would be pretty thirsty work. That

>

> >>> solute load

>

> >>>

>

> >>> might even cause diarrhea/dumping. I've gotton an occasional

>

> >>> Applebee's meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> where the sauce was so concentrated and salty that even though I

>

> >>> didn't eat

>

> >>>

>

> >>> much, it didn't stay in me long either. I don't think the average

>

> >>> American

>

> >>>

>

> >>> intake of 3.4 grams per day was consumed in one sitting. By

>

> >>> disagreeing with

>

> >>>

>

> >>> the 1500 mg 'goal' I am saying that people vary and setting a goal

>

> >>> at the lowest

>

> >>>

>

> >>> end of normal doesn't seem safe to me.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Drinking more water helps remove toxins in urine - nothing bad

>

> >>> about that.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> R Vajda, R.D.

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> ________________________________

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> To: RD-USA <rd-usa >

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Sent: Tue, February 8, 2011 3:59:37 PM

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Subject: High salt intake may have immediate effects on

>

> >>> circulation:

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Study

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Consuming highly salty foods may begin to impair the functioning

>

> >>> of blood

>

> >>>

>

> >>> vessels within 30 minutes, according to new research published in

>

> >>> the *American

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Journal of Clinical Nutrition.*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The study suggests that 3.8 grams of

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

salt<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=salt & FromNews

> >

>

> >>> >–

>

> >>>

>

> >>> an amount similar to commonly eaten meals – can reduce the abili

>

> >>> ty of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> blood vessels to widen after a meal when compared with a lower

>

> >>> salt meal.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The researchers found raised levels of salt from the diet can

>

> >>> significantly

>

> >>>

>

> >>> reduce flow mediated dilation (a measure of blood vessels ability

>

> >>> to widen)

>

> >>>

>

> >>> within 30 minutes.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Researchers from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial

> Research

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Organization (CSIRO), Australia report that when a high salt meal

>

> >>> was

>

> >>>

>

> >>> consumed blood vessels widened about half as much as for low salt

>

> >>> meal,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> though they noted that these effects passed after around two hours

>

> >>> when

>

> >>>

>

> >>> normal functioning was restored.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“What surprised us was that this is similar to responses seen a

>

> >>> fter a meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> high in saturated fats, which we know can be damage blood vessels

>

> >>> in the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> long-term,â€* said the study’s lead author, Kacie Dickinson.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“These results suggest that high salt intakes have acute advers

>

> >>> e effects on

>

> >>>

>

> >>> vascular dilatation in the postprandial *[post meal]* state,â€* s

>

> >>> aid the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> researchers.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Salt risks*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Dickinson and her colleagues said that there is *“compelling evi

>

> >>> denceâ€* to

>

> >>>

>

> >>> show a link between salt intake, increased blood pressure, and

>

> >>> risk of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> cardiovascular disease

>

> >>>

>

> >>>

(CVD<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=CVD & FromNews

>

> >>> >).

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The researchers said that impaired blood vessel functioning

>

> >>> (endothelial

>

> >>>

>

> >>> dysfunction) is considered to be an initial step in the

>

> >>> development of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> atherosclerosis, which has been previously shown to be induced by

>

> >>> metabolic

>

> >>>

>

> >>> factors – through an increase in oxidative stress and a reductio

>

> >>> n in the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> bioavailability of nitric oxide. The endothelium is the layer of

>

> >>> cells

>

> >>>

>

> >>> lining blood vessels.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> High salt intakes, even over a short period of time, are known to

>

> >>> lead to

>

> >>>

>

> >>> similar reduction in nitric oxide, and increases in oxidative

>

> >>> stress –

>

> >>>

>

> >>> however Dickinson and her co- workers said that whether blood

> vessel

>

> >>>

>

> >>> functions are impaired after a high salt meal have not been

> studied.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“Determining whether a high salt meal has a detrimental effect

> on

>

> >>>

>

> >>> endothelial function in the postprandial *[post meal]* state is of

>

> >>> interest

>

> >>>

>

> >>> given the high levels of nondiscretionary salt consumed in foods

>

> >>> and typical

>

> >>>

>

> >>> meals,â€* they said.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The new study investigated the vascular responses of a group of

>

> >>> healthy

>

> >>>

>

> >>> adults to a high-salt meal containing 65 mmol

>

> >>>

>

>

>>>sodium<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/content/search?SearchText=sodium & From\

News

> >>>s

> >>>

>

> >>> >and

>

> >>>

>

> >>> low-salt control meal containing 5 mmol sodium.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Study details*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The researchers studied the impact of short-term salt intake in

>

> >>> sixteen

>

> >>>

>

> >>> healthy volunteers. The postprandial effect of dietary salt on

>

> >>> endothelial

>

> >>>

>

> >>> function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and blood

>

> >>> pressure.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> FMD is often used by scientists to assess endothelial function:

>

> >>> Impaired FMD

>

> >>>

>

> >>> response is a CVD risk factor and can precede clinically

>

> >>> symptomatic CVD by

>

> >>>

>

> >>> many years.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Flow mediated dilation was found to decrease after both the high

>

> >>> and low

>

> >>>

>

> >>> salt meals, but was significantly more impaired after the high

>

> >>> salt meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> than the low salt.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The authors reported that measures of FMD were significantly

>

> >>> reduced after

>

> >>>

>

> >>> 30 minutes and one hour for the high salt meal – with the greate

> st

>

> >>>

>

> >>> impairment in function occurring one hour after the meal was

>

> >>> ingested.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> The impairment in flow mediated dilation in response to the high

>

> >>> salt meal

>

> >>>

>

> >>> was said to be of a similar magnitude to that shown in healthy

>

> >>> subjects

>

> >>>

>

> >>> after a meal high in saturated fats.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Despite the differences in salt intake and observed changes in

> FMD,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Dickinson and colleagues did not observe any significant changes

>

> >>> blood

>

> >>>

>

> >>> pressure between the high and low salt meals.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> They added that they found no evidence to suggest that blood

>

> >>> pressure is

>

> >>>

>

> >>> involved in the mechanism by which salt impairs the endothelial

>

> >>> functioning.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Mechanisms*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“It may be plausible that the 65-mmol sodium load (3.8 g salt)

>

> >>> in the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> current study induced changes in endothelial function via

>

> >>> alterations in

>

> >>>

>

> >>> plasma sodium …A repeat of the current study including plasma so

>

> >>> dium samples

>

> >>>

>

> >>> and other parameters of endothelial function, such as nitric oxide

>

> >>> and eNOS

>

> >>>

>

> >>> would confirm this,†*suggested the authors.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> They said that the study suggests that high salt intakes may have

>

> >>> acute,

>

> >>>

>

> >>> adverse effects on the ability of blood vessels to widen after in

>

> >>> the post

>

> >>>

>

> >>> meal phase.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Dickinson and colleagues added that it is unclear whether the

>

> >>> observed

>

> >>>

>

> >>> effects have long-term consequences on the risk of atherosclerosis

>

> >>> and

>

> >>>

>

> >>> cardiovascular disease, but said that the results contribute to a

>

> >>> body of

>

> >>>

>

> >>> research showing non blood pressure related effects of high salt

>

> >>> intakes.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Source: *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006155

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *“Endothelial function is impaired after a high-salt meal in hea

>

> >>> lthy

>

> >>>

>

> >>> subjectsâ€*

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Authors K.M. Dickinson, P.M. Clifton, J.B. Keogh

>

> >>>

>

>

>>>LINK<http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Science-Nutrition/High-salt-intake-may-\

have-immediate-effects-on-circulation-Study/?c=T0QtS5cvuDXuNXVhGEsNRw%3D%3D & utm_\

source=newsletter_daily & utm_medium=email & utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BDaily

> >>>y

> >>>

>

> >>> >

>

> >>>

>

> >>> --

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Ortiz, MS, RD

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *The FRUGAL Dietitian* <http://www.thefrugaldietitian.com>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Check out my blog: mixture of deals and nutrition

>

> >>>

>

> >>> Arts Cow: Personalized Recycle Bags just $2.99 (reg. $6.99)

>

> >>> shipped!!! exp.

>

> >>>

>

> >>> 2/25 <http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14301>Check your own local

>

> >>>

>

> >>> deals<http://thefrugaldietitian.com/?p=14288>

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *Healthy Diet at any Age: We are NOT just looking

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *at the years people have behind them but also the

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *

>

> >>>

>

> >>> *quality of the years ahead of them.*

>

> >>>

>

> >>>