Pyrethrins, like other pesticides, commonly cause Parkinson's, Alz, and such

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Pyrethrins, like other pesticides, are documented to cause Parkinson's and such

Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides involved in different neurological

disorders(a,b,c,d). They cross the blood-brain barrier and exert their effect on

dopaminergic system, contributing to the burden of oxidative stress in

Parkinson's disease through several pathways. Our studies suggest that neonatal

exposition to permethrin or cypermethrin induces long-lasting effects after

developmental exposure giving changes in open-field behaviors, striatal

monoamine level, and increased oxidative stress. ( Low doses of permethrin can

reduce the amount of dopamine transporter immunoreactive protein in the

caudate-putamen of the dorsal striatum of the brain(a) . The study also suggests

that previously reported reductions in dopamine uptake of striatal synaptosomes

of high-dose mice may be due to nondegenerative tissue damage within this region

as opposed to reductions of dopamine transporter protein or death of

nigrostriatal terminals. Another study found an increase in DNA fragmentation,

an index of apoptosis, in cells exhibiting reduced uptake at 30 min and 24 hours

of exposure to pyrethrin pesticides©. These data suggest that up-regulation of

DAT by in vivo pyrethroid exposure is an indirect effect and that longer-term

exposure of cells results in apoptosis. Since DAT can greatly affect the

vulnerability of dopamine neurons to neurotoxicants, up-regulation of DAT by

deltamethrin and permethrin may increase the susceptibility of dopamine neurons

to toxic insult, which may provide insight into the association between

pesticide exposure and PD. Treatment with deltamethrin caused nerve cell loss

and the appearance of signs of neuronal sufferance primarily in layer III of

frontal cortex as well as in the dentate gyrus and to a lesser extent in the CA1

and CA3 subfields of hippocampus(d). Deltamethrin induced also astrogliosis.

Dopamine and the dopamine plasma membrane transporter decreased significantly in

hippocampus and striatum . These findings indicate that dermal exposure to the

pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin using an administration module mimicking a

possible long-lasting occupational skin contact is accompanied by

cerebrocortical injury and loss of hippocampal and striatal dopamine and

dopamine transporter . The sensitivity of dopaminergic system in our

experimental model suggests that dermal exposure to deltamethrin could represent

a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Collectively These studies provide

further evidence that insecticides can affect the primary neurodegenerative

substrate of Parkinson's disease.

Ref:

(a)Immunohistochemical changes in the mouse striatum induced by the pyrethroid

insecticide permethrin. Pittman JT, Dodd CA, Klein BG. Int J Toxicol. 2003 Sep -

Oct ;22(5):359-70; & (b)Dopaminergic system modulation, behavioral changes, and

oxidative stress after neonatal administration of pyrethroids. Nasuti C,

Gabbianelli R, Falcioni ML, Di Stefano A, Sozio P, Cantalamessa F. Toxicology.

2007 Jan 18;229(3):194-205; & ©Pyrethroid pesticide-induced alterations in

dopamine transporter function. Elwan MA, JR, Guillot TS, Caudle WM,

GW. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Mar 15;211(3):188-97; & (d) Influence of

dermal exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin on rat brain

microanatomy and cholinergic/dopaminergic neurochemistry. Tayebati SK, Di Tullio

MA, Ricci A, Amenta F. Brain Res. 2009 Dec 8;1301:180-8;

& www.flcv.com/PyrethrR.html

& www.flcv.com/pesticid.html