RESEARCH - Risk factors for the development of hip OA

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Rheumatology 2009 48(1):83-87; doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ken427

Risk factors for the development of hip osteoarthritis: a

population-based prospective study

R. Juhakoski1, M. Heliövaara2, O. Impivaara2, H. Kröger3, P. Knekt2,

H. 4 and J. P. A. Arokoski5

1Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Mikkeli Central

Hospital, Mikkeli, 2Department of Health and Functional Capacity,

National Public Health Institute, Helsinki and Turku, 3Department of

Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University

Hospital, Kuopio, 4Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki and

5Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kuopio University

Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Kuopio,

Kuopio, Finland.

Abstract

Objectives. Potential risk factors and their roles in the aetiology of

hip OA are poorly understood. We analysed several alleged risk factors

predisposing to hip OA in a 22-yr prospective study.

Methods. A comprehensive health survey was carried out in 1978–80 in a

nationally representative sample of adult Finns. In 2000–01, 1286

participants in that survey were invited for re-examination, and 909

agreed to participate. After excluding those with hip OA at the

baseline and those who were no longer working, a total of 840 subjects

constituted the present study population. Hip OA was diagnosed on the

basis of a standardized clinical examination by physicians who applied

uniform criteria both at the baseline and at the re-examination phase.

Results. After 22 yrs of follow-up, hip OA was diagnosed in 41

subjects (4.9%). Heavy manual labour predicted the risk of developing

hip OA [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 6.7; 95% CI 2.3, 19.5]. Permanent

damage as a consequence of any musculoskeletal injury was also an

independent predictor of hip OA (adjusted OR 5.0; 95% CI 1.9, 13.3).

BMI, smoking, alcohol intake and leisure time physical activity were

not factors which were predictive for hip OA.

Conclusion. Heavy physical stress at work and major musculoskeletal

injuries are associated with an increased risk of developing

clinically diagnosed hip OA.

http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/48/1/83

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