The venous connection to MS- a timeline

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The venous connection to MS- a timeline

by CCSVI in Multiple Sclerosis on Sunday, January 3, 2010 at 9:09pm

To those doctors who insist the venous connection to MS is an unproven theory, I

offer a timeline of doctors who might beg to differ.

1863 Rindfleisch

Dr. E. Rindfleisch noticed that, consistently in all the autopsy specimens of MS

brains he viewed with his microscope, a vein engorged with blood was present at

the centre of each lesion.

Rindfleisch wrote:

" If one looks carefully at freshly altered parts of the white matter ... one

perceives already with the naked eye a red point or line in the middle of each

individual focus,.. the lumen of a small vessel engorged with blood ... All this

leads us to search for the primary cause of the disease in an alteration of

individual vessels and their ramifications; All vessels running inside the foci,

but also those which traverse the immediately surrounding but still intact

parenchyma are in a state characteristic of chronic inflammation. "

Rindfleisch E. - " Histologisches detail zu der grauen degeneration von gehirn

und ruckenmark " . Archives of Pathological Anatomy and Physiology.

1863;26:474–483.

1930s Putnam

Dr. T. J. Putnam researched lesions and noted that thrombosis of small veins

could be the underlying mechanism of plaque formation-

Putnam, T.J. (1937) Evidence of vascular occlusion in multiple sclerosis

1942 Dow and Berglund

Dr. Dow and Dr. Berglund continue on with Dr. Putnam's research

and continue finding venous connections to MS lesions.

VASCULAR PATTERN OF LESIONS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Arch Neurol Psychiatry.

1942;47(1):1-18.

1950 Zimmermann and Netsky

Dr Zimmerman and Netsky carry on with Dow and Berglund's research, and note that

the lesions are indeed venous in nature, but not caused by small thrombosis as

Putnam surmised.

Zimmerman, H. M., Netsky, M. G.: The pathology of multiple sclerosis. Res. Publ.

Ass. Nerv. Ment. Dis. New York 28, 271--312 (1950)

1960s Fog

Dr. Fog, a Danish professor – noted that MS lesions are predominantly

around the small veins. His subsequent study of 51 plaques from two cases of

typical MS, making thin sections of the plaques and following their shape and

course with direct drawings of each section, showed that most were prolongations

of periventricular plaques, and that the plaques did follow the course of the

venous system.

Fog , The topography of plaques in multiple sclerosis, with special

reference to cerebral plaques. Acta Neurol Scand, 41,Suppl. 15:1, 1965)

Fog T. On the vessel-plaque relations in the brain in multiple sclerosis. Acta

Psychiat Neurol Scand. 1963; 39, suppl. 4:258

1980s Schelling

The story began in 1973, at the University of Innsbruck, when F. Alfons

Schelling, M.D. began investigations into the causes and consequences of the

enormous individual differences in the widths of the venous outlets of the human

skull. The results of this study appeared, in 1978, in the official organ of the

German-speaking Anatomical Societies, the " Anatomischer Anzeiger " .

F.A. Schelling's 1981 discovery, at the Hospital for Nervous Diseases in

Salzburg, of a striking widening of the main venous passageways through the

skulls in victims of multiple sclerosis were to occupy the author's thoughts

through the following decades of his quite diversified medical career. And in

putting together, bit by bit, all the observations on the venous involvement in

the emergence of the specific, and, in particular, cerebral lesions of multiple

sclerosis, he was able to recognize their causes.

" Unequal propagation of central venous excess pressure into the different

cerebral and spinal venous drainage systems is the rule rather than the

exception. The intensity of the forces thus to be exerted on vulnerable

cerebrospinal structures by the resulting pressure-gradients in the

craniovertebral space is unknown. There is a need to consider the various

conditions which may cause individual proneness to heavier reflux into

particular cerebral as well as epi- and subdural spinal venous compartments. An

attempt is made to indicate eventual consequences of excessive retrograde

dilatation especially of internal cerebral veins. The importance of elucidating

the neuropathological and clinical implications of undue reflux into the skull

or spine is deduced from the probability of relations between localized backflow

into the craniovertebral space and unexplicated cerebrospinal diseases. In this

regard the features of multiple sclerosis are discussed. "

Damaging venous reflux into the skull or spine: relevance to multiple sclerosis.

Schelling F.

Here is Dr. Schelling's website for more information. His book (available for

free on his site) outlines the history of the connection of MS to the venous

system. Dr. Schelling is a brilliant, kind and generous man. When he came public

with his research, he was dismissed, ridiculed and mocked. I am so happy that he

is able to now witness Dr. Zamboni's technological corroboration of his

findings. It was my pleasure and honor to meet him in Bologna, and to share his

research with you.