Re: chewing and spitting

June 24, 2011

Lindsey, when I find myself eating something that is very good, I may realize at a certain point that I am full. Yet I take that one more bite. At that point, I chew and spit out and do not eat any more. For some reason I was thinking about chocolate the other night and the types of candy I really really enjoy. It's not much, but there is one candy I really really like, or so I think. (Things change, so do tastes and perceptions, so I can't be sure how much I really like it now, but I'm thinking to try.) So ... I think I am ready to eat a little bit and savor the taste, rather than gorge myself and eat it until I am sick. Of course, when I eat the candy, my mind is telling me now that I really should not be thinking I will eat until I cannot eat any more of the stuff. Not because

that's bad, but because I do not think that amount of candy will be good for my body -- me. It would be a sugar overload and I know physically I will be unhappy after that. And so I will work on making sure I have it as a after-dinner snack, or simply when I"m not "that" hungry so i can savor it with a cup of tea or coffee, as I might a piece of cake (which i hardly ever have anyway). Good thinking, and good working! That you chew and spit is a good idea, but I do it only when I'm full. :-)

On the other hand, I could think of "chewing and spitting" as an aroma technique or something like that, so in my opinion, it's up to you. I know I wouldn't do it as a general pleasure principle, but I don't know what IE experts would say. I only chew and spit when I'm full and took one more bite than fullness allows. Tai

To: IntuitiveEating_Support Sent: Thursday, June 23, 2011 8:32 PMSubject: chewing and spitting

I have been doing IE for several months, I started it several years ago and now am finally ready for it. The ONE problem I have with it is chewing and spitting. I chew food up and spit it out. How does that incorporate into IE? There is suppose to be no rules so should I say NO chewing and spitting or should I continue to do it? It is only sometimes. I let myself have chocolate and candy but when I want a TON i chew and spit it out instead of eating a ton cause then my stomach would hurt. It seems like with IE that people realize they dont want the food because of how it makes them feel. I have kind of avoided the bad feelings and stomach pains with chewing and spitting. What should I do?

June 24, 2011

Lindsey, when I find myself eating something that is very good, I may realize at a certain point that I am full. Yet I take that one more bite. At that point, I chew and spit out and do not eat any more. For some reason I was thinking about chocolate the other night and the types of candy I really really enjoy. It's not much, but there is one candy I really really like, or so I think. (Things change, so do tastes and perceptions, so I can't be sure how much I really like it now, but I'm thinking to try.) So ... I think I am ready to eat a little bit and savor the taste, rather than gorge myself and eat it until I am sick. Of course, when I eat the candy, my mind is telling me now that I really should not be thinking I will eat until I cannot eat any more of the stuff. Not because

that's bad, but because I do not think that amount of candy will be good for my body -- me. It would be a sugar overload and I know physically I will be unhappy after that. And so I will work on making sure I have it as a after-dinner snack, or simply when I"m not "that" hungry so i can savor it with a cup of tea or coffee, as I might a piece of cake (which i hardly ever have anyway). Good thinking, and good working! That you chew and spit is a good idea, but I do it only when I'm full. :-)

On the other hand, I could think of "chewing and spitting" as an aroma technique or something like that, so in my opinion, it's up to you. I know I wouldn't do it as a general pleasure principle, but I don't know what IE experts would say. I only chew and spit when I'm full and took one more bite than fullness allows. Tai

To: IntuitiveEating_Support Sent: Thursday, June 23, 2011 8:32 PMSubject: chewing and spitting

I have been doing IE for several months, I started it several years ago and now am finally ready for it. The ONE problem I have with it is chewing and spitting. I chew food up and spit it out. How does that incorporate into IE? There is suppose to be no rules so should I say NO chewing and spitting or should I continue to do it? It is only sometimes. I let myself have chocolate and candy but when I want a TON i chew and spit it out instead of eating a ton cause then my stomach would hurt. It seems like with IE that people realize they dont want the food because of how it makes them feel. I have kind of avoided the bad feelings and stomach pains with chewing and spitting. What should I do?

June 24, 2011

I've been giving this subject some thought and now I have questions. I'm no eating disorder expert by any means but it sure seems to me that chewing and spitting is a pretty big indicator of an eating disorder that needs some therapy. I don't mean this to sound harsh really. I see this behavior as "bulimia lite". What is the difference between chewing something and spitting it , and binging and purging? Not much, except that you don't need to force yourself to vomit if you spit it before swallowing. I can't imagine this would be something you could do in public or even in front of anyone else, so you'd have to do this in private, which again is a huge indicator of a serious eating disorder. I think this practice is just as serious as Bulimia, anorexia and compulsive overeating and needs to be treated as such.

Sunny

chewing and spitting

I have been doing IE for several months, I started it several years ago and now am finally ready for it. The ONE problem I have with it is chewing and spitting. I chew food up and spit it out. How does that incorporate into IE? There is suppose to be no rules so should I say NO chewing and spitting or should I continue to do it? It is only sometimes. I let myself have chocolate and candy but when I want a TON i chew and spit it out instead of eating a ton cause then my stomach would hurt. It seems like with IE that people realize they dont want the food because of how it makes them feel. I have kind of avoided the bad feelings and stomach pains with chewing and spitting. What should I do?

June 24, 2011

I've been giving this subject some thought and now I have questions. I'm no eating disorder expert by any means but it sure seems to me that chewing and spitting is a pretty big indicator of an eating disorder that needs some therapy. I don't mean this to sound harsh really. I see this behavior as "bulimia lite". What is the difference between chewing something and spitting it , and binging and purging? Not much, except that you don't need to force yourself to vomit if you spit it before swallowing. I can't imagine this would be something you could do in public or even in front of anyone else, so you'd have to do this in private, which again is a huge indicator of a serious eating disorder. I think this practice is just as serious as Bulimia, anorexia and compulsive overeating and needs to be treated as such.

Sunny

chewing and spitting

I have been doing IE for several months, I started it several years ago and now am finally ready for it. The ONE problem I have with it is chewing and spitting. I chew food up and spit it out. How does that incorporate into IE? There is suppose to be no rules so should I say NO chewing and spitting or should I continue to do it? It is only sometimes. I let myself have chocolate and candy but when I want a TON i chew and spit it out instead of eating a ton cause then my stomach would hurt. It seems like with IE that people realize they dont want the food because of how it makes them feel. I have kind of avoided the bad feelings and stomach pains with chewing and spitting. What should I do?

June 24, 2011

I am in agreement with you on this, Sunny.

From: ert4dogz@...Sent: Friday, June 24, 2011 10:02 AMTo: IntuitiveEating_Support Subject: Re: chewing and spitting

I've been giving this subject some thought and now I have questions. I'm no eating disorder expert by any means but it sure seems to me that chewing and spitting is a pretty big indicator of an eating disorder that needs some therapy. I don't mean this to sound harsh really. I see this behavior as "bulimia lite". What is the difference between chewing something and spitting it , and binging and purging? Not much, except that you don't need to force yourself to vomit if you spit it before swallowing. I can't imagine this would be something you could do in public or even in front of anyone else, so you'd have to do this in private, which again is a huge indicator of a serious eating disorder. I think this practice is just as serious as Bulimia, anorexia and compulsive overeating and needs to be treated as such.

Sunny

chewing and spitting

I have been doing IE for several months, I started it several years ago and now am finally ready for it. The ONE problem I have with it is chewing and spitting. I chew food up and spit it out. How does that incorporate into IE? There is suppose to be no rules so should I say NO chewing and spitting or should I continue to do it? It is only sometimes. I let myself have chocolate and candy but when I want a TON i chew and spit it out instead of eating a ton cause then my stomach would hurt. It seems like with IE that people realize they dont want the food because of how it makes them feel. I have kind of avoided the bad feelings and stomach pains with chewing and spitting. What should I do?

June 24, 2011

I am in agreement with you on this, Sunny.

From: ert4dogz@...Sent: Friday, June 24, 2011 10:02 AMTo: IntuitiveEating_Support Subject: Re: chewing and spitting

I've been giving this subject some thought and now I have questions. I'm no eating disorder expert by any means but it sure seems to me that chewing and spitting is a pretty big indicator of an eating disorder that needs some therapy. I don't mean this to sound harsh really. I see this behavior as "bulimia lite". What is the difference between chewing something and spitting it , and binging and purging? Not much, except that you don't need to force yourself to vomit if you spit it before swallowing. I can't imagine this would be something you could do in public or even in front of anyone else, so you'd have to do this in private, which again is a huge indicator of a serious eating disorder. I think this practice is just as serious as Bulimia, anorexia and compulsive overeating and needs to be treated as such.

Sunny

chewing and spitting

I have been doing IE for several months, I started it several years ago and now am finally ready for it. The ONE problem I have with it is chewing and spitting. I chew food up and spit it out. How does that incorporate into IE? There is suppose to be no rules so should I say NO chewing and spitting or should I continue to do it? It is only sometimes. I let myself have chocolate and candy but when I want a TON i chew and spit it out instead of eating a ton cause then my stomach would hurt. It seems like with IE that people realize they dont want the food because of how it makes them feel. I have kind of avoided the bad feelings and stomach pains with chewing and spitting. What should I do?

June 24, 2011

Sunny, I appreciate your concern. The reason I mention it is because when I realize I've eaten too much after I've taken the food into my mouth, I don't want to swallow it. So I spit it out. I have maybe done this 12 times in my lifetime, and it's only after I started IE. I'm talking about one bite, that's all, and then I stop eating. But I don't swallow it if I realize I've had too much to eat. I spit it out and I don't eat any more, I stop eating. Maybe it sounds gross, and perhaps this is not what the original poster meant. But if I've put the food in my mouth (and for me, it's one mouthful too much), I don't want to swallow it, so I spit it out. But it's not a ritual with me, and I don't look forward to chewing and spitting. I like eating the food

as well as tasting it, and when I'm full I stop eating, which includes putting the food in my mouth.

Re-reading the original poster's point, if someone relies upon chewing and spitting to keep from gaining weight, or swallowing the food, then it would seem to be counterproductive to the IE concept. .I see your point. I don't chew and spit to get the taste of food while not eating it. Tai

To: IntuitiveEating_Support Sent: Friday, June 24, 2011 1:02 PMSubject: Re: chewing and spitting

I've been giving this subject some thought and now I have questions. I'm no eating disorder expert by any means but it sure seems to me that chewing and spitting is a pretty big indicator of an eating disorder that needs some therapy. I don't mean this to sound harsh really. I see this behavior as "bulimia lite". What is the difference between chewing something and spitting it , and binging and purging? Not much, except that you don't need to force yourself to vomit if you spit it before swallowing. I can't imagine this would be something you could do in public or even in front of anyone else, so you'd have to do this in private, which again is a huge indicator of a serious eating disorder. I think this practice is just as serious as Bulimia, anorexia and compulsive overeating and needs to be treated as such.

Sunny

chewing and spitting

I have been doing IE for several months, I started it several years ago and now am finally ready for it. The ONE problem I have with it is chewing and spitting. I chew food up and spit it out. How does that incorporate into IE? There is suppose to be no rules so should I say NO chewing and spitting or should I continue to do it? It is only sometimes. I let myself have chocolate and candy but when I want a TON i chew and spit it out instead of eating a ton cause then my stomach would hurt. It seems like with IE that people realize they dont want the food because of how it makes them feel. I have kind of avoided the bad feelings and stomach pains with chewing and spitting. What should I do?

June 24, 2011

Sunny, I appreciate your concern. The reason I mention it is because when I realize I've eaten too much after I've taken the food into my mouth, I don't want to swallow it. So I spit it out. I have maybe done this 12 times in my lifetime, and it's only after I started IE. I'm talking about one bite, that's all, and then I stop eating. But I don't swallow it if I realize I've had too much to eat. I spit it out and I don't eat any more, I stop eating. Maybe it sounds gross, and perhaps this is not what the original poster meant. But if I've put the food in my mouth (and for me, it's one mouthful too much), I don't want to swallow it, so I spit it out. But it's not a ritual with me, and I don't look forward to chewing and spitting. I like eating the food

as well as tasting it, and when I'm full I stop eating, which includes putting the food in my mouth.

Re-reading the original poster's point, if someone relies upon chewing and spitting to keep from gaining weight, or swallowing the food, then it would seem to be counterproductive to the IE concept. .I see your point. I don't chew and spit to get the taste of food while not eating it. Tai

To: IntuitiveEating_Support Sent: Friday, June 24, 2011 1:02 PMSubject: Re: chewing and spitting

I've been giving this subject some thought and now I have questions. I'm no eating disorder expert by any means but it sure seems to me that chewing and spitting is a pretty big indicator of an eating disorder that needs some therapy. I don't mean this to sound harsh really. I see this behavior as "bulimia lite". What is the difference between chewing something and spitting it , and binging and purging? Not much, except that you don't need to force yourself to vomit if you spit it before swallowing. I can't imagine this would be something you could do in public or even in front of anyone else, so you'd have to do this in private, which again is a huge indicator of a serious eating disorder. I think this practice is just as serious as Bulimia, anorexia and compulsive overeating and needs to be treated as such.

Sunny

chewing and spitting

I have been doing IE for several months, I started it several years ago and now am finally ready for it. The ONE problem I have with it is chewing and spitting. I chew food up and spit it out. How does that incorporate into IE? There is suppose to be no rules so should I say NO chewing and spitting or should I continue to do it? It is only sometimes. I let myself have chocolate and candy but when I want a TON i chew and spit it out instead of eating a ton cause then my stomach would hurt. It seems like with IE that people realize they dont want the food because of how it makes them feel. I have kind of avoided the bad feelings and stomach pains with chewing and spitting. What should I do?

June 24, 2011

Yes, chewing and spitting certainly sounds like bulimia to me.

June 24, 2011

I think we need to be very careful to avoid diagnosing others with eating disorders! that could feel very, very uncomfortable for someone else, and not respectful of her boundaries. only she or her health care provider should label her behavior.

(i do know that it only came from a place of concern, so please understand i'm not criticizing anyone here, just advising caution.)however, i do have some concerns... i've been thinking about this for the last day. if we do things so that we don't feel the consequences of food we are ingesting, be it purging or just spitting (certainly a lot less violent, and not dangerous), it does seem... well, ask yourself, " would a " normal " eater do this? "

to me, i would think not. so i would advise against it. but i think this is a matter might be worthy of a discussion with a therapist or nutritionist.i think part of eating intuitively is learning to recognize our hunger and fullness... and then, learning to respect and honor them. to me, eating and spitting out the food is contrary to this process.

and tai, i think spitting out one mouthful because you realize you don't want it is an entirely different thing, and is FINE. just like you would spit something out ONCE if you didn't like the taste, be it spoiled or just too spicy. this seems likes something any " normal " eater would do.

best,abbyIE since 11/08

June 24, 2011

I think we need to be very careful to avoid diagnosing others with eating disorders! that could feel very, very uncomfortable for someone else, and not respectful of her boundaries. only she or her health care provider should label her behavior.

(i do know that it only came from a place of concern, so please understand i'm not criticizing anyone here, just advising caution.)however, i do have some concerns... i've been thinking about this for the last day. if we do things so that we don't feel the consequences of food we are ingesting, be it purging or just spitting (certainly a lot less violent, and not dangerous), it does seem... well, ask yourself, " would a " normal " eater do this? "

to me, i would think not. so i would advise against it. but i think this is a matter might be worthy of a discussion with a therapist or nutritionist.i think part of eating intuitively is learning to recognize our hunger and fullness... and then, learning to respect and honor them. to me, eating and spitting out the food is contrary to this process.

and tai, i think spitting out one mouthful because you realize you don't want it is an entirely different thing, and is FINE. just like you would spit something out ONCE if you didn't like the taste, be it spoiled or just too spicy. this seems likes something any " normal " eater would do.

best,abbyIE since 11/08

June 24, 2011

chewing and spitting certainly sounds like

bulimia to me.

I beg to differ. You can read more about bulimia on Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

(Unless, by spitting, you mean vomiting.)

Chewing and spitting sounds as though there is a different problem:

the need to find pleasure from food, being unable to find it

elsewhere.

As a strategy for overeating, it certainly has its merits -- it is

better than swallowing all that food!

But as a strategy for happiness, I wonder if you could get involved

with something that stimulates your interest and fascination;

whether it be a hobby, sport, pastime, study, or something else.

Paddy

June 24, 2011

chewing and spitting certainly sounds like

bulimia to me.

I beg to differ. You can read more about bulimia on Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

(Unless, by spitting, you mean vomiting.)

Chewing and spitting sounds as though there is a different problem:

the need to find pleasure from food, being unable to find it

elsewhere.

As a strategy for overeating, it certainly has its merits -- it is

better than swallowing all that food!

But as a strategy for happiness, I wonder if you could get involved

with something that stimulates your interest and fascination;

whether it be a hobby, sport, pastime, study, or something else.

Paddy

June 24, 2011

Sunny: That's what I thought the first time I read the post on spitting. Hope I am wrong and those who are doing it are ok. Sandy

I've been giving this subject some thought and now I have questions. I'm no eating disorder expert by any means but it sure seems to me that chewing and spitting is a pretty big indicator of an eating disorder that needs some therapy. I don't mean this to sound harsh really. I see this behavior as " bulimia lite " . What is the difference between chewing something and spitting it , and binging and purging? Not much, except that you don't need to force yourself to vomit if you spit it before swallowing. I can't imagine this would be something you could do in public or even in front of anyone else, so you'd have to do this in private, which again is a huge indicator of a serious eating disorder. I think this practice is just as serious as Bulimia, anorexia and compulsive overeating and needs to be treated as such.

Sunny

chewing and spitting

I have been doing IE for several months, I started it several years ago and now am finally ready for it. The ONE problem I have with it is chewing and spitting. I chew food up and spit it out. How does that incorporate into IE? There is suppose to be no rules so should I say NO chewing and spitting or should I continue to do it? It is only sometimes. I let myself have chocolate and candy but when I want a TON i chew and spit it out instead of eating a ton cause then my stomach would hurt. It seems like with IE that people realize they dont want the food because of how it makes them feel. I have kind of avoided the bad feelings and stomach pains with chewing and spitting. What should I do?

June 24, 2011

Sunny: That's what I thought the first time I read the post on spitting. Hope I am wrong and those who are doing it are ok. Sandy

I've been giving this subject some thought and now I have questions. I'm no eating disorder expert by any means but it sure seems to me that chewing and spitting is a pretty big indicator of an eating disorder that needs some therapy. I don't mean this to sound harsh really. I see this behavior as " bulimia lite " . What is the difference between chewing something and spitting it , and binging and purging? Not much, except that you don't need to force yourself to vomit if you spit it before swallowing. I can't imagine this would be something you could do in public or even in front of anyone else, so you'd have to do this in private, which again is a huge indicator of a serious eating disorder. I think this practice is just as serious as Bulimia, anorexia and compulsive overeating and needs to be treated as such.

Sunny

chewing and spitting

I have been doing IE for several months, I started it several years ago and now am finally ready for it. The ONE problem I have with it is chewing and spitting. I chew food up and spit it out. How does that incorporate into IE? There is suppose to be no rules so should I say NO chewing and spitting or should I continue to do it? It is only sometimes. I let myself have chocolate and candy but when I want a TON i chew and spit it out instead of eating a ton cause then my stomach would hurt. It seems like with IE that people realize they dont want the food because of how it makes them feel. I have kind of avoided the bad feelings and stomach pains with chewing and spitting. What should I do?

June 24, 2011

Yes, I want to apologize for my comment that it sounded like bulimia. I certainly can't sit in this chair and diagnose another person.Have a good weekend all, I think we need to be very careful to avoid diagnosing others with eating disorders! that could feel very, very uncomfortable for someone else, and not respectful of her boundaries. only she or her health care provider should label her behavior. (i do know that it only came from a place of concern, so please understand i'm not criticizing anyone here, just advising caution.)however, i do have some concerns... i've been thinking about this for the last day. if we do things so that we don't feel the consequences of food we are ingesting, be it purging or just spitting (certainly a lot less violent, and not dangerous), it does seem... well, ask yourself, "would a "normal" eater do this?" to me, i would think not. so i would advise against it. but i think this is a matter might be worthy of a discussion with a therapist or nutritionist.i think part of eating intuitively is learning to recognize our hunger and fullness... and then, learning to respect and honor them. to me, eating and spitting out the food is contrary to this process. and tai, i think spitting out one mouthful because you realize you don't want it is an entirely different thing, and is FINE. just like you would spit something out ONCE if you didn't like the taste, be it spoiled or just too spicy. this seems likes something any "normal" eater would do. best,abbyIE since 11/08

June 24, 2011

Yes, I want to apologize for my comment that it sounded like bulimia. I certainly can't sit in this chair and diagnose another person.Have a good weekend all, I think we need to be very careful to avoid diagnosing others with eating disorders! that could feel very, very uncomfortable for someone else, and not respectful of her boundaries. only she or her health care provider should label her behavior. (i do know that it only came from a place of concern, so please understand i'm not criticizing anyone here, just advising caution.)however, i do have some concerns... i've been thinking about this for the last day. if we do things so that we don't feel the consequences of food we are ingesting, be it purging or just spitting (certainly a lot less violent, and not dangerous), it does seem... well, ask yourself, "would a "normal" eater do this?" to me, i would think not. so i would advise against it. but i think this is a matter might be worthy of a discussion with a therapist or nutritionist.i think part of eating intuitively is learning to recognize our hunger and fullness... and then, learning to respect and honor them. to me, eating and spitting out the food is contrary to this process. and tai, i think spitting out one mouthful because you realize you don't want it is an entirely different thing, and is FINE. just like you would spit something out ONCE if you didn't like the taste, be it spoiled or just too spicy. this seems likes something any "normal" eater would do. best,abbyIE since 11/08

June 24, 2011

Paddy: I think you are right and bulimia sounds like much too strong a word for it. I liked what you said about finding pleasure elsewhere. Thanks Sandy

chewing and spitting certainly sounds like

bulimia to me.

I beg to differ. You can read more about bulimia on Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

(Unless, by spitting, you mean vomiting.)

Chewing and spitting sounds as though there is a different problem:

the need to find pleasure from food, being unable to find it

elsewhere.

As a strategy for overeating, it certainly has its merits -- it is

better than swallowing all that food!

But as a strategy for happiness, I wonder if you could get involved

with something that stimulates your interest and fascination;

whether it be a hobby, sport, pastime, study, or something else.

Paddy

June 24, 2011

Paddy: I think you are right and bulimia sounds like much too strong a word for it. I liked what you said about finding pleasure elsewhere. Thanks Sandy

chewing and spitting certainly sounds like

bulimia to me.

I beg to differ. You can read more about bulimia on Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

(Unless, by spitting, you mean vomiting.)

Chewing and spitting sounds as though there is a different problem:

the need to find pleasure from food, being unable to find it

elsewhere.

As a strategy for overeating, it certainly has its merits -- it is

better than swallowing all that food!

But as a strategy for happiness, I wonder if you could get involved

with something that stimulates your interest and fascination;

whether it be a hobby, sport, pastime, study, or something else.

Paddy

June 24, 2011

I agree, Abby, and I do not chew something only to savor the flavor on a general basis and then spit it out because I don't want to eat it because I'm afraid I'll gain weight. I realize when i'm taking that last mouthful that I'm thoroughly full, maybe this says something about me that I'm eating too quickly because I should have known I'm not hungry any more. That might be a matter of concern and something I need to be more mindful of, because I tend to be a fast eater. Thank you. Tai

To: IntuitiveEating_Support Sent: Friday, June 24, 2011 2:44 PMSubject: Re: chewing and spitting

I think we need to be very careful to avoid diagnosing others with eating disorders! that could feel very, very uncomfortable for someone else, and not respectful of her boundaries. only she or her health care provider should label her behavior.

(i do know that it only came from a place of concern, so please understand i'm not criticizing anyone here, just advising caution.)

however, i do have some concerns... i've been thinking about this for the last day. if we do things so that we don't feel the consequences of food we are ingesting, be it purging or just spitting (certainly a lot less violent, and not dangerous), it does seem... well, ask yourself, "would a "normal" eater do this?"

to me, i would think not. so i would advise against it. but i think this is a matter might be worthy of a discussion with a therapist or nutritionist.

i think part of eating intuitively is learning to recognize our hunger and fullness... and then, learning to respect and honor them. to me, eating and spitting out the food is contrary to this process.

and tai, i think spitting out one mouthful because you realize you don't want it is an entirely different thing, and is FINE. just like you would spit something out ONCE if you didn't like the taste, be it spoiled or just too spicy. this seems likes something any "normal" eater would do.

best,

abby

IE since 11/08

June 24, 2011