Acid blockers and clostridia-news article

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Heartburn Drugs Cause Diarrhea?

Dec. 20, 2005

(CBS/AP)

Fast Fact

Diarrhea caused by C-diff is a result of overgrowth of the C-diff

bacteria in the colon, or large intestine.

(WebMD) Heartburn sufferers, listen up: Acid-fighting drugs might

spell relief, but they could leave a less-welcome gift — diarrhea.

People taking proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers have greater risk

of infection from a potentially dangerous diarrhea bug known as

Clostridium difficile, or C-diff, reports researcher Dial, MD,

MSc, a researcher at McGill University in Montreal. Her study appears

in this week's issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association.

Proton pump inhibitors include Prilosec, Prevacid, and Nexium among

others. H2 blockers include drugs such as Zantac, Pepcid, and Tagamet.

These are the main medications offered to people suffering from

stomach acid problems such as gastritis, GERD (acid reflux disease),

or heartburn. They work to suppress stomach acid production which

helps to alleviate discomfort.

Clostridium difficile is prevalent in the environment and especially

in hospitals and nursing homes. Spores from C-diff enter our bodies

through the mouth, which is the entryway for the gastrointestinal

tract. Diarrhea caused by C-diff is a result of overgrowth of the

C-diff bacteria in the colon, or large intestine. It has generally

been associated with antibiotic use, which can kill " good " bacteria in

the colon which keeps C-diff at bay. Infection has also been

associated with stays in hospitals and nursing homes where it is

easily passed to others.

C-Diff Severity

The incidence and severity of diarrhea caused by C-diff has increased

dramatically, according to recent data, writes Dial. Diarrhea caused

by C-diff can be severe, with a cramping form of intestinal

inflammation known as colitis.

" Clostridium-difficile-associated disease is becoming an important

public health issue, " writes Dial. Gastric (stomach) acid operates as

a major defense mechanism against ingested bugs. But when people take

gastric acid suppressors the stomach's normal acidity is lost, and

this defense mechanism may become diminished, she explains.

Dial's study — the largest study thus far of this risk factor — looked

at whether these drugs had any association with community-acquired

C-diff infection. She and her colleagues examined data from 3 million

patients of 400 general practioners in the U.K. from 1994 to 2004.

There were 1,672 identified cases of C-diff, with numbers increasing

from less than one per 100,000 in 1994 to 22 per 100,000 in 2004.

Those patients taking proton pump inhibitors were nearly three times

more likely to acquire a C-diff infection, Dial reports. Patients

taking another type of acid-fighting drug — H2 blockers like Pepcid

and Zantac — were twice as likely to get a C-diff infection.

Other studies have shown that antibiotic use increases risk for C-diff

infection. However, in her study, antibiotic use was seen in only 37

percent of C-diff cases. The study only demonstrated an association

between the use of these medications and the risk for getting diarrhea

from C-diff. It did not prove how or why this happened.

SOURCE: Dial, S. The Journal of the American Medical Association, Dec.

21, 2005; vol 293: pp 2989-2995. CDC web site.

By Jeanie Lerche

Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD

© 2005, WebMD Inc. All rights reserved.