The Biotoxin and Neurotoxin Pathway

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http://www.biotoxin.info/biochemistry

The Biotoxin and Neurotoxin Pathway

Stage 1: Biotoxin Effects

It all starts when a person is exposed to a biotoxin. In most people, the biotoxin is 'tagged' and identified by the bodies immune system and is broken down and removed from the blood by the liver. However, some individuals do not have the genetics (HLA-DR genes) to code for the antibodies and in these cases the biotoxins are not 'tagged' and remain in the body indefinitely, free to circulate and wreak havoc.

Once present in the body, the biotoxins begin to set off a complex cascade of biochemical events. The biotoxin binds to surface receptors (Toll Receptor) in fat cells. This in turn causes a continual upregulation of cytokines. Biotoxins also directly effect nerve cell function, which is one of the reasons that the BIRS© and visual contrast sensitivity (VCS) test are so useful in diagnosis.

Stage 2: Cytokine Effects

The activated fat cells start to produce more leptin, which leads to weight gain that is unresponsive to diet or exercise. Remember that the fat cells are also pumping out cytokines, this overload starts to block or damage the leptin receptors in the hypothalamus. Elevated cytokines can produce many different symptoms including: headache, muscle ache, unstable temperature, and difficulty concentrating. High levels of cytokines can also result in increased levels of immune related markers such as TNF, MMP-9, IL-1B, and PAI-1. MMP-9 delivers inflammatory elements from the blood into sensitive tissues and can combine with PAI-1 to increase clot formation and arterial blockage.

Stage 3: Reduced VEGF

The elevated cytokine levels in the capillaries attract white blood cells, leading to restricted blood flow and lower oxygen levels in the tissues. Reduced VEGF leads to fatigue, muscle cramps and shortness of breath. Stage 4: Immune System Effects

Patients with certain HLA genotypes (immunity related genes) may develop inappropriate immune responses which may include antibodies to: myelin basic protein (often from fungal infections), gliadin (wheat-like allergy), and cardiolipins (affects blood clotting). Most devestatingly of all, the complement immune system becomes chronically activated resulting in high levels of C4a.

Stage 5: Low MSH

Reduced MSH production results in yet another set of problems and symptoms. the production of melatonin is reduced which results in sleep problems. Endorphin production is suppressed which leads to chronic and sometimes unusual pain. Lack of MSH can cause malabsorption or 'leaky gut' which further weakens and deregulates the immune system. White blood cells eventually lose regulation of cytokine response so that opportunistic infections may occur or recovery from infections is slower.

Stage 6: Antibiotic Resistant Staph Bacteria

Reduced MSH also allows resistant staph (MARCONS) to flourish in the mucous membranes. These bacteria further compound the problem by producing exotoxins A and B that cleave MSH, further decreasing the MSH levels. At this point, the downward spiral starts to perpetuate itself.

Stage 6: Pituitary Hormone Effects

Reduced MSH can decrease pituitary production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which can lead to thirst, frequent urination, neurally-mediated hypotension (NMH), low blood volume, and electric shocks from static electricity. While sex hormone production is often down-regulated the pituitary may upregulate the production of cortisol and ACTH in the early stages of illness, then drop to abnormally low, or low-normal ranges later.

click here to see the biotoxin pathway: ( very interesting )

http://www.biotoxin.info/images/BiotoxinPathway.pdf

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