Implant education . . .

[Guest guest]

FDA that 1 in 4 patients whose breasts were reconstructed with implants have at least one additional surgery within 3 years.

http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/early-stage-breast-cancer.cfm

The researchers found that screening mammography failed to reveal 55 percent of breast cancers in women with implants, versus 37 percent among women without implants (JAMA, January 28, 2004, pp. 442-450). Although mammography performed worse for women with implants, both failure rates are high.

http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2006/05/6504/do-breast-implants-affect-breast-cancer-risk

25 Reasons Not to Get Breast Implants

According to Zuckerman, Ph.D., Nagelin-, M.A.

and Santoro, R.N., M.P.H.:

Complications Of Breast Surgery And Silicone And Saline Breast Implants include:

infection (bacteria and mold which can be released from the implant into the body) surgical risks anesthesia risks chronic breast pain, breast or nipple numbness capsular contracture scar tissue hardened and misshapen breasts breakage and leakage necrosis (skin death) need for additional surgery to deal with problems dissatisfaction with how the breast looks disfigurement arthritis and joint pain fatigue

memory loss cognitive impairment: poor concentration metal poisoning due to platinum exposure (in silicone implants) silicone migration into lymph nodes and other organs debilitating autoimmne disease such as fibromyalgia,dermatomyositis, polymyositis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, mixed connective-tissue disease, pulmonary fibrosis, eosinophilic fasciitis, and polymyalgia. And last but not least, death

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nalini-chilkov/breast-implant-surgery-_b_816077.html

just read this one:

http://tuberose.com/Breast_Implants.html

Hypercalcemia Associated with Silicone-Induced Granulomas

A. Kozeny, M.D., L. Barbato, M.D., Vinod K. Bansal, M.D., Leonard L. Vertuno, M.D., and Jessie E. Hano, M.D.

N Engl J Med 1984; 311:1103-1105October 25, 1984 *** 1984 ***

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198410253111707

NEJM is the New England Journal of Medicine FYI

J Autoimmun. 2004 Aug;23(1):81-91.

Cellular and molecular composition of fibrous capsules formed around silicone breast implants with special focus on local immune reactions.

Wolfram D, Rainer C, Niederegger H, Piza H, Wick G.

Institute of Pathophysiology, University Innsbruck, Medical School, Fritz-Pregl-Strasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Erratum in:

J Autoimmun. 2005 Jun;24(4):361. Dolores, Wolfram [corrected to Wolfram, Dolores]; Christian, Rainer [corrected to Rainer, Christian]; Harald, Niederegger [corrected to Niederegger, Harald]; Hildegunde, Piza [corrected to Piza, Hildegunde]; Georg, Wick [corrected to Wick, Georg].

Abstract

During the past 30 years, much debate has centered around side effects of silicone breast implants. Meta-analyses rejected the presumed relationship between silicone breast implants and connective tissues diseases but, in seeming contradiction, case reports about connective tissue diseases and rheumatoid symptoms continue to be published. We analyzed the cellular and molecular composition of fibrous capsules removed from patients at various times after surgery for diagnostic purposes (breast cancer relapse) or to relieve painful constrictive fibrosis. Frozen sections of capsule tissue were immunohistochemically stained for subsets of lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, for collagenous and non-collagenous extracellular matrix proteins, for heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and for adhesion molecules. Massive deposition of fibronectin and tenascin was observed adjacent to the implant surface. The capsule/silicone implant contact zone was consistently characterized by a palisade-like single or multilayered cell accumulation consisting of HSP60+ macrophages and HSP60+ fibroblasts. Mononuclear cell infiltrates consisting of activated CD4+ T-cells, expressing CD25 and CD45RO, as well as macrophages were detected beneath the contact zone as well as perivascularly. Importantly, many Langerhans-cell like dendritic cells (DCs) were found with a predilection at the frontier layer zone abutting the silicone implant. Also, at this site, massive expression of ICAM-1, but not VCAM-1 or ELAM-1 emerged. Endothelial cells of the intracapsular neovasculature were P-Selectin+. Our results show that silicone induces a strong local T-cell immune response and future studies will determine the specificity and function of these T-lymphocytes.

Copyright 2004 Elsevier Ltd.

PMID: 15236756 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15236756

Mod Pathol. 1999 Jul;12(7):706-13.

Silicone gel-filled breast and testicular implant capsules: a histologic and immunophenotypic study.

Abbondanzo SL, Young VL, Wei MQ, FW.

Department of Hematopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA. abbondan@...

Abstract

The immunophenotypic characteristics of silicone gel-filled breast and testicular implant capsules have not been well described. Therefore, we studied 17 paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 9 breast implant patients and 1 testicular implant patient to assess the type and extent of inflammatory responses present. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections for expression of CD20, CD45RO, betaF1, CD68, CD44, kappa and A immunoglobulin light chains, and bcl-XL (a member of the bcl-2 family of proteins involved in apoptosis). The most common histologic features included prominent T-cell and foamy macrophage reactions with foreign body giant cells and granulomas in a dense fibrovascular connective tissue. Foci of polyclonal plasma cells and acute inflammatory cells were variably present. In one case, there was reactive germinal center formation, a novel finding. A "pseudosynovium" at the implant capsule interface was present in the majority of cases as previously described; it showed reactivity with CD68. Thin strands of highly refractile, nonpolarizable material, consistent with silicone, were regularly noted in intra- and extracellular locations. The immunohistochemical results included reactivity of the majority of lymphocytes with CD45RO and/or betaF1 (confirming an anamnestic reactive T-cell phenotype), and reactivity of the macrophages, giant cells, and "pseudosynovium" with the macrophage/histiocyte marker, CD68. The reactive germinal centers were positive for CD20. Reactivity for CD44, an activation and intracellular adhesion marker, was frequently observed in the foamy macrophages and foreign body giant cells and has not been previously reported. The plasma cells demonstrated polyclonal immunoglobulin light-chain reactivity, consistent with a reactive process. These findings suggest that silicone implants induce chronic inflammatory responses in many adjacent capsules, which consist of anamnestically responding T cells, reactive B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.

PMID: 10430275 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10430275

J Autoimmun. 2000 Jun;14(4):283-93.

Restricted and shared patterns of TCR beta-chain gene expression in silicone breast implant capsules and remote sites of tissue inflammation.

O'Hanlon TP, Lawless OJ, Katzin WE, Feng LJ, FW.

Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Abstract

Silicone breast implants (SBI) induce formation of a periprosthetic, often inflammatory, fibrovascular neo-tissue called a capsule. Histopathology of explanted capsules varies from densely fibrotic, acellular specimens to those showing intense inflammation with activated macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocytic infiltrates. It has been proposed that capsule-infiltrating lymphocytes comprise a secondary, bystander component of an otherwise benign foreign body response in women with SBIs. In symptomatic women with SBIs, however, the relationship of capsular inflammation to inflammation in other remote tissues remains unclear. In the present study, we utilized a combination of TCR beta-chain CDR3 spectratyping and DNA sequence analysis to assess the clonal heterogeneity of T cells infiltrating SBI capsules and remote, inflammatory tissues. TCR CDR3 fragment analysis of 22 distinct beta variable (BV) gene families revealed heterogeneous patterns of T cell infiltration in patients' capsules. In some cases, however, TCR BV transcripts exhibiting restricted clonality with shared CDR3 lengths were detected in left and right SBI capsules and other inflammatory tissues. DNA sequence analysis of shared, size-restricted CDR3 fragments confirmed that certain TCR BV transcripts isolated from left and right SBI capsules and multiple, extracapsular tissues had identical amino acid sequences within the CDR3 antigen binding domain. These data suggest that shared, antigen-driven T cell responses may contribute to chronic inflammation in SBI capsules as well as systemic sites of tissue injury.

PMID: 10882054 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10882054

When the power of love

overcomes the love of power

the world will know peace.

~ Jimi Hendrix