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Home > Anti-aging Research > Triiodothyronine [T3]

Liothyronine/Cytomel®/Triiodothyronine [T3]

Where to purchase (check with your doctor first):

T3 at International Anti-aging Systems

Popular Supplements:

Naturalean at iHerb - use this link to receive an additional 5% discount

(discount code " qc " ) plus free shipping on orders over $60

Thyro Stak - netrition.com

CME:

Triiodothyronine Augmentation For the Treatment of Depression in Substance

Misusers Unresponsive to Tricyclic Antidepressants - HKMJ 2001;7:299-302 -

we believed this treatment strategy should be used more often in local

practice "

News & Research:

's Reverse T3 Dominance Syndrome - knoxintegrativemed.com - " However,

when a person experiences prolonged stress, the adrenal glands respond by

manufacturing a large amount of cortisol. Cortisol inhibits the conversion

of T4 to T3 and favors the conversion of T4 to RT3. If stress is prolonged,

a condition called Reverse T3 Dominance occurs and persists even after the

stress passes and cortisol levels fall. Apparently, RT3 itself acts like

cortisol and blocks the conversion of T4 to T3 "

's Syndrome - providentmedical.com - " We know that elevated amounts of

cortisol, the major stress hormone, can block 5 prime deiodinase, keeping T4

from being converted to T3. This results in most of the T4 being converted

into reverse T3, which then needs the available 5 prime deiodinase to be

converted into T2. "

T3 Therapy Not Yet Ready for Psychiatric Use - Clinical Psychiatry News,

2/05 - " Today, many patients with complaints of chronic malaise or fatigue

approach their physician seeking T3 therapy, but the fact is that none of

the handful of well-designed randomized controlled trials done since then

has been able to confirm the initial report of superior outcomes ... There

is reason for concern that supraphysiologic doses of T3 in this setting

could interfere with protein and fat metabolism and interact synergistically

with catecholamines to increase myocardial oxygen demand, with resultant

increased arrhythmia, MI, heart failure, and death "

Reply to Doctor Who States that T3 is Dangerous--Fibromyalgia,

Hypothyroidism, Thyroid Hormone Resistance - DrLowe.com, 12/8/03

Combinination Levothyroxine/Liothyronine Shows No Obvious Benefit Over

Levothyroxine Alone in Patients With Primary Hypothyroidism - Doctor's Guide

12/11/03

Combination Therapy No Better Than T4 Alone for Primary Hypothyroidism -

Medscape, 12/9/03

Thyroxine Plus 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine Treatment for Depressed Patients with

Hypothyroidism Does Not Improve Patient-Assessed Well-Being - Doctor's Guide

10/30/03

Combo Hormone Therapy Doesn't Help Hypothyroidism - HealthDay, 10/3/03 -

the scientists found the combination therapy offered no significant benefits

compared to the T4 alone. But they did find patients on the combination

therapy suffered much worse anxiety and nausea than patients receiving only

T4 " - That contradicts previous studies (see below) and my own experience

with T4/T3. - Ben

Thyroid Hormone T3 Doesn't Boost Effectiveness of SSRIs - Clinical

Psychiatry News, 10/03

Adding T3 to Paroxetine Adds No Benefit in Depressed Patients - Doctor's

Guide, 4/28/03

t3t4Therapy, thyroid solution or unethical therapy? - thyroidfoundation.org

- " Apparently, when the thyroid hormone with 3 iodine atoms (T3), known as

triiodothyronine, was added to their regular thyroid hormone replacement

pill (which is thyroxine, or T4, the thyroid hormone with 4 iodine atoms),

people felt much better. A cocktail of T3 and T4 helped relieve depression,

brain fog, fatigue and other hypothyroid symptoms "

Algorithm-Based Treatment Shows High Lack Of Response To Selective Serotonin

Reuptake Inhibitors - Doctor's Guide, 4/17/03 - " When the clinicians added

T3, they found it was effective among 10 out of 16 women patients (62.5%),

but was not effective in any of the 9 male patients who received it.

Although values were within the normal range, patients who responded to T3

had higher serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels than those who did not .

.. The effect of T3 may be related to thyroid function even within the normal

range "

Options for Treatment-Resistant Depression - Psychiatric Times, 7/02 - " Use

of T3 may interfere with thyroid metabolism if taken chronically, so its use

should generally be limited to two or three weeks. Doses of T3 between 25

mcg/day to 50 mcg/day are more effective than T4 "

Bipolar Patients Sensitive to Thyroid Function Variations - Doctor's Guide,

1/8/02 - " They studied 65 patients in the depressed phase of bipolar I

disorder to test the hypothesis that patients with lower thyroid function,

even within the normal range, might have a poorer response to treatment

initially ... Outcomes were relatively poor unless patients had FTI [free

thyroxine index] values above the median and TSH values below the median "

Does thyroid supplementation accelerate tricyclic antidepressant response? A

review and meta-analysis of the literature - Am J Psychiatry 2001 Oct

158(10):1617-22 - " This meta-analysis supports the efficacy of T(3) in

accelerating clinical response to tricyclic antidepressants in patients with

nonrefractory depression "

Natural killer activity and thyroid hormone levels in young and elderly

persons - Gerontology 2001 Sep-Oct;47(5):282-8 - " Decreased serum

concentrations of total T(3) may contribute to low NK activity in the

almost healthy' subgroup of the elderly "

Effect of triiodothyronine on mitochondrial energy coupling in human

skeletal muscle - J Clin Invest 2001 Sep;108(5):733-7 - " these data suggest

that T(3) promotes increased thermogenesis in part by promoting

mitochondrial energy uncoupling in skeletal muscle "

Topical triiodothyronine stimulates epidermal proliferation, dermal

thickening, and hair growth in mice and rats - Thyroid 2001 Aug;11(8):717-24

- " hair length that was 1,180% longer ... 85% more hairs per millimeter ...

topically applied thyroid hormone has dramatic effects on both skin and hair

growth. These observations offer a new strategy for developing thyroid

hormone and its analogues for treating disorders of skin and hair growth "

Does low tri-iodothyronine independently predict mortality in elderly

hospitalised patients? - Int J Clin Pract 2001 Jul-Aug;55(6):409-10 - " Our

study shows an association of low serum T3 with patient mortality in elderly

hospitalised patients "

Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy - Horm Res 2001 Jan;56 Suppl S1:74-81 -

Desiccated thyroid contains both thyroxine (T(4)) and triiodothyronine

(T(3)); serum T(3) frequently rises to supranormal values in the absorption

phase, associated with palpitations. Liothyronine (T(3)) has the same

drawback and requires twice-daily administration in view of its short

half-life ... TSH values of </=0.1 mU/l carry a risk of development of

atrial fibrillation and are associated with bone loss although not with a

higher fracture rate. It is thus advisable not to allow TSH to fall below -

arbitrarily - 0.2 mU/l ... recent animal experiments indicate that only the

combination of T(4) and T(3) replacement, and not T(4) alone, ensures

euthyroidism [normal thyroid status] in all tissues of thyroidectomized rats

.... It could well be that a slow-release preparation containing both T(4)

and T(3) might improve the quality of life, compared with T(4) replacement

alone, in some hypothyroid patients "

Sustained Release T3 / Time Release T3 - Syndrome.com - " When Dr.

first started treating 's Thyroid Syndrome, Cytomel (instant

release) was all he used. When he had about 300 patients at a time on

Cytomel, he would get about 6-8 beeper pages over the weekend from patients

having complaints and 2-3 of those calls would be about some pretty

worrisome side effects. When Dr. conceived of and started using T3

mixed with a sustained release agent (see WTS history) he would go 6 months

without a page "

Synthroid / Armour Thyroid - Syndrome.com - " Some patients and

physicians hear about the need for T3 and think they can gain the benefits

of T3 by using Armour instead of Synthroid because it contains T3. But

Armour thyroid doesn't contain just T3. It contains a lot of T4 as well! T4

is the very hormone we're trying to reduce in WTS in order to deplete RT3

levels "

Thyroid Hormones Accelerate Depressive Response to Drug Therapy - Doctor's

Guide, 10/30/01 - " Five of the six studies found T3 to be significantly more

effective than placebo in accelerating clinical response ... Investigators

say they found that the average effect was highly significant "

The acute effect of calcium carbonate on the intestinal absorption of

levothyroxine - Thyroid 2001 Oct;11(10):967-71 - " When 1,000 microg of

levothyroxine alone was given to subjects, the maximum average total T4

absorption was 837 microg (83.7% of the dose ingested) at 120 minutes. When

levothyroxine was coadministered with 2.0 g of calcium (as calcium

carbonate), the maximum average T4 absorption decreased to 579 microg (57.9%

of the dose ingested) at 240 minutes "

Use OF T3 Thyroid Hormone to Treat Depression - DrMirkin.com, 5/19/01 -

some people become depressed when they take just T4 and their depression can

be cured when they take both thyroid hormones, T3 and T4 "

Replacing T4 With Triiodothyronine Improves Cognition And Mood In

Hypothyroidism - Doctor's Guide, 7/5/00 - " Substituting T3 for a portion of

T4 changed the concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating

hormone (TSH) as well as improving cognition and mood "

T3---fibromyalgia, hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone resistance - drlowe.com

's Thyroid Syndrome - " Conversion of T4 to T3 can also be impaired by

glucocorticoids " - Maybe that is the mechanism by which cortisol causes

depression, and if so, could T3 then cure the depression? - Ben

Adding Natural Hormone Boosts Brain Function In Hypothyroidism - Doctor's

Guide, 2/11/99 - " We found there wasn't much difference between the two

treatments in terms of metabolic effects or effects on various peripheral

organs, " Prange said. " There were big differences, however, in the mental

state of the patients. If these findings hold up, they will be very

important. "

Effects of thyroxine as compared with thyroxine plus triiodothyronine in

patients with hypothyroidism - N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb 11;340(6):469-70 -

among 15 visual-analogue scales used to indicate mood and physical status,

the results for 10 were significantly better after treatment with thyroxine

[t4] plus triiodothyronine [t3] "

Depression Management - ContinuingEducation.com, exp. 12/31/02 - See table

six, recommends 5 - 50 mcg T3, 100 mcg (.1 mg) T4

Did You Know? - jonnybowden.com - " The body converts T4 to T3, and most

conventional docs who prescribe thyroid prescribe Synthroid or Levothyroxine

which is basically T4, on the theory that the body will convert to T3 as

needed. Problem is it doesn’t always work that way, and people differ widely

in their ability to make the conversion effectively. In addition, the body

needs selenium to make the conversion, and most people are woefully low in

this important antioxidant mineral, as it is virtually absent from the soil

in which our food is grown. Armour thyroid- favored by alternative and

complementary physicians- is a complete thyroid (T3 and T4) but trying to

get a conventional physician to prescribe it is difficult to say the least "

Liothyronine Sodium - RxList.com - " Twenty-five mcg of liothyronine [T3] is

equivalent to approximately 1 gram of desiccated thyroid or thyroglobulin

and 0.1 mg of L-thyroxine [T4] " - I don't know if that is correct concerning

1 gram of desiccated thyroid. That would mean that it would take 17 of the

normal 60 mg desiccated thyroid capsules to equal 25 mcg T3 and 100 mcg T4

(1000/60 = 17). I would think that that amount would be lethal. Maybe it

should have been grains instead of grams. Any feedback would be appreciated

- Ben

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[Guest guest]

Thanks for these articles. I was on all T3 for a short time. I found

that it is a very quick way to get the mtabolic rate up, but all T3

therapy has some real drawbacks. For one, it is much harder on the

adrenals. Without T4 in the system, the adrenals have to do the jobs

of T4, which is regulate the heart and they must take over for the

periods when all the T3 is used up and there is no T4 to convert.

The adrenals dump cortisol and other hormones to try and get energy

for you. With T3 only, you have no T4 to draw on for those times

when you have extra activity and stress that use more energy than

you are getting in pills. I found all T3 therapy to be very

limiting. I was fine as long as my daily demands stayed almost

exactly the same. But, the minute I had to go do somehting like take

a walk or mow the lawn, forget it. I crashed and just could not do

it. When I switched to Armour, wow, did I get more endurance.

I also found that all T3 affected my brain and it tended to make me

be happy with everything. If things at work sucked, I was not

bothered by it. I found that when I switched to Armour, I then

became more normal in my thinking and would take action if something

wasn't right at work. My emotions were broader and fuller and much

more intense on both the happy and unhappy side. It was much mre

like real living.

Lastly, I was put on T3 because I had high reverse T3. But, I later

did a lot of research on this and found that high reverse T3 is not

a disease, but a reaction by the body to stress. Any kind of stress

will increase reverse T3. It is a needed response to force you to

slow down in order to allow the body to recover. So, even

hypothyroidism itself will increase reverse T3 because it is a

stress on the body. There is absolutely no research to support

's theories. To give a sick person with lots of reverse T3

lots of T3 may not be good for them because it may be forcing them

into higher energy states than their bodies are capable of handling.

T3 only therapy does not neccessarily address the underlying cause

of their over production of reverse T3. Sure, if the cause is

hypothryoidism, it will help, but all T3 has drawbacks as a therapy

and the vast majority of people would do better to replace thyroid

in a way most like the body was meant to have it. There are some few

people who need all T3 therapy, but I don't think it is common.

Tish