more on coral calcium that I found

[Guest guest]

Coral calcium scams are too numerous to mention. Their main claim to

infamy is their contention that the source of their calcium is from Okinawa and

has life extending benefits. None of that of course is exactly a truthful

statement. They say that they don't destroy coral reefs to get their miracle

stuff. Their coral calcium comes from dead coral. So, I ask you one question.

What killed the damn coral in the first place? Consumers are warned every day to

not consume calcium supplements from the sea because of serious contamination

issues.

Hello!!! If there is intelligent life left in the universe, isn't

coral calcium from the sea?

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Rebuttal of Coral Calcium

Otto Warburg: (l883-l970)

a.. Oxygenation Therapy: Unproven Treatments for Cancer and AIDS By Saul

Green, PhD -

Otto Warburg professed that the cancer problem could be solved if one

could identify a biochemical difference between the energy-producing systems of

normal cells (controlled growth) and cancer cells (uncontrolled growth.) His

research with tissue slices 4 led to the discovery of oxygen-transferring

enzymes in cellular respiration, and for this he won a Nobel Prize (l931). In

l944 he won a second Nobel Prize for identifying the enzymes that transfer

hydrogen in metabolism. But his research never showed that oxygen use by normal

and cancer cells was different. What he did find was that cancer cells produced

lactate from glucose in the presence of oxygen whereas normal cells only

produced lactate from glucose in the absence of oxygen. This observation led him

to conclude that energy metabolism in cancer cells was defective.

Although Warburg discovered some differences in metabolism between

normal and cancer cells, research did not bear out what he considered to be the

" primary cause of cancer, " i.e., the replacement of respiration by fermentation

Over the next three decades research identified nearly all

energy-producing metabolic pathways in both normal and cancer cells and showed

that energy-producing systems in normal cells were the same as those found in

cancer cells. Despite this, Warburg insisted until his death in l970 that the

cause of cancer was " inferior " energy of anaerobic metabolism.

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Cancer in Okinawa

Title: Carcinoma of the lung in Okinawa, Japan: with special reference to

squamous cell carcinoma and squamous metaplasia. Author Nakazato I; Hirayasu T;

Kamada Y; Tsuhako K; Iwamasa T

Address: Department of Pathology, Ryukyu University School of Medicine,

Okinawa, Japan.

Source: Pathol Int, 47(10):659-72 1997 Oct

Abstract:

In Okinawa, a subtropical island in southern Japan, squamous cell

carcinoma (SCC), especially the well-differentiated form, is prevalent, while

this form is relatively rare in both the mainland and other countries (e.g.

United States of America). More patients with SCC from Okinawa, moreover, were

positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

(79%), and harbored HPV types 6, 16 and 18, in combination. On the other hand,

less than 30% of the mainland patients were positive for HPV DNA by PCR. Those

patients who were positive all harbored only one HPV type. Furthermore, in

Okinawa, there were a significant number of cases with adenosquamous carcinoma,

and they too were positive for HPV DNA. The SCC and the adenocarcinoma cells

adjacent to the SCC component in these cases were also positive for HPV DNA, and

such adenocarcinoma cells were enlarged in size with relatively wide cytoplasm.

The authors postulate that HPV infects adenocarcinoma cells and changes them to

enlarged cells, followed by squamous metaplasia. In this report, HPV DNA was

transfected to adenocarcinoma cells (cultured cell lines) and this showed that

HPV causes squamous metaplasia. In addition, aberrant expression of p53 was

demonstrated in a large number of the SCC cases in Okinawa. The enlarged

adenocarcinoma cells adjacent to the SCC components in adenosquamous carcinomas

also showed aberrant expression of p53. The recent advances in the studies of

anti-oncogenes, p53, etc. and oncogenes are outlined. It is to be noted that the

molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in the lung have been studied in general,

classifying lung tumors into two groups, namely, small cell carcinoma (SCLC) and

non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC). However, because human lung cancer is

represented by a wide variety of histologic types, molecular genetic studies

according to a more detailed histological subclassification is needed.

Title: Relationship between fluoride concentration in drinking water and

mortality rate from uterine cancer in Okinawa prefecture, Japan.

Author: Tomita Y; Ohsawa M; Mishiro Y; Itokazu T; Kojya S; Noda Y; Ikehara

O; Aozasa K

Address Department of Pathology, Ryukyu University School of Medicine,

Okinawa, Japan. Source J Epidemiol, 47(10):184-91 1996 Dec

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Title: HLA and tumor necrosis factor beta gene polymorphisms in Okinawa

lung cancer patients: comparative study with mainland Japan lung cancer

patients.

Author: Hagihara M; Shimura T; Sato K; Genga K; Suzuki M; Tsuji K Address

Department of Pathology, Ryukyu University School of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan.

Source: Hum Immunol, 47(10):95-100 1995 Jun

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Title: Insufficient calcium and iron intakes among general female

population in Japan, with special reference to inter-regional differences.

Author: Shimbo S; Imai Y; Tominaga N; Gotoh T; Yokota M; Inoguchi N; Ikeda

Y; Watanabe T; Moon CS; Ikeda M Address: Department of Pathology, Ryukyu

University School of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan.

Source: J Trace Elem Med Biol, 47(10):133-8 1996 Sep

Abstract: Dietary intakes of calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) were

investigated in 227 women (mostly housewives) in 12 regions in Japan in

1991-1993 by the 24-hour food duplicate method. Nine regions out of 12 had been

previously studied in 1977-1982. Utilizing Standard Food Composition database,

mean Ca and Fe-intakes in 1991-1993 were estimated to be 602 and 10.4 mg/day,

respectively; the former was barely sufficient and the latter was below

sufficiency when compared with the Recommended Daily Allowance in Japan for

pre-menopausal women. Ca- and Fe-intake did not increase in the 10-year period.

Further analysis after classification of the women into three groups of farmers

in Okinawa, farmers in Mainland Japan and urban residents showed that Ca and Fe

insufficiency was most evident among Okinawa farmers. The leading Ca sources

were milk, pulse, vegetables and fish-shellfish, but consumption of milk was

generally low, especially among Okinawa farmers. Plus, vegetables and

fish-shellfish were 3 major Fe sources; Okinawa farmers depended more on

vegetables and less on fish-shellfish.

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Title: Site-specific localization of Epstein-Barr virus in pharyngeal

carcinomas.

Author: Kojya S; Itokazu T; Noda Y; Ezaki M; Tomita Y; Ohsawa M; Aozasa K

Address: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Ryukyus,

Faculty of Medicine, Okinawa.

Source: Jpn J Cancer Res, 89(5):510-5 1998 May

Abstract:

In this study, the correlations of factors with Epstein-Barr virus

(EBV)-association were investigated in 50 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

(NPC), 61 with oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC), and 55 with hypopharyngeal

carcinoma (HPC) in Okinawa and Osaka prefectures in Japan. The incidence of

pharyngeal carcinoma in Okinawa was previously found to be higher than that in

Osaka; the incidence of OPC was approximately 6 times higher and that of HPC was

two times higher. The EBV genome was detected in the tumor cells of the present

patients; 83% of the Okinawa and 92% of the Osaka NPC patients. The EBV genome

was not detected in OPC or HPC. A univariate analysis showed that sex, the

location of the tumor, histology, and the degree of lymphocytic infiltration

correlated with the EBV-positive rate. A multivariate analysis revealed that

only the location of the tumor was independently correlated with the

EBV-positive rate. Histology and tumor size were factors affecting the prognosis

of the patients with NPC. The NPC of poorly differentiated type frequently

showed the EBV genome, and NPC with lymphocytic infiltration showed a more

favorable prognosis compared to the other NPC types. These findings suggest that

latent genes of EBV expressed in cancer cells might trigger a cytotoxic T cell

reaction against the cancer.

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Title: Tea consumption and lung cancer risk: a case-control study in

Okinawa, Japan.

Author: Ohno Y; Wakai K; Genka K; Ohmine K; Kawamura T; Tamakoshi A; Aoki

R; Senda M; Hayashi Y; Nagao K; et al Address: Department of Preventive

Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine.

Source: Jpn J Cancer Res, 86(11):1027-34 1995 Nov

Abstract:

To disclose the relationship between tea consumption and lung cancer

risk, we analyzed the data from a case-control study conducted in Okinawa, Japan

from 1988 to 1991. The analysis, based on 333 cases and 666 age-, sex- and

residence-matched controls, provided the following major findings. (a) The

greater the intake of Okinawa tea (a partially fermented tea), the smaller the

risk, particularly in women. For females, the odds ratios (and 95% confidence

intervals) for those who consumed 1-4, 5-9, and 10 cups or more of Okinawan tea

every day, relative to non-daily tea drinkers, were 0.77 (0.28-2.13), 0.77

(0.26-2.25) and 0.38 (0.12-1.18), respectively (trend: P = 0.032). The

corresponding odds ratios for males were 0.85 (0.45-1.55), 0.85 (0.45-1.56) and

0.57 (0.31-1.06) (trend: P = 0.053). ( The risk reduction by Okinawan tea

consumption was detected mainly in squamous cell carcinoma. Daily tea

consumption significantly decreased the risk of squamous cell carcinoma in males

and females, the odds ratios being 0.50 (95% confidence interval 0.27-0.93) and

0.08 (0.01-0.68), respectively. These findings suggest a protective effect of

tea consumption against lung cancer in humans.

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A group of studies on the genetics of Okinawans show that they live longer

because they have better genes. There are conflicting studies on nutrition, and

there aren't any of them that mention calcium, coral or otherwise in the medical

literature.

They may live longer because they eat less, work until they are in their

80s, and live in a basically unpolluted world.

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REICH ON THE ORIGIN OF AIDS

Reich, Carl J. A series of unpublished papers on ionic calcium deficiency.

4039 Comanche Road N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2L 0N9. (Don't write to him, he died

a few years ago after losing his medical license in Alberta and California)

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More science - less rocks on the brains

Diet and calcium (Editorial):

ls of Internal Medicine: 126:553-55 (1997) - Coe FL; Parks JH; Favus

MJ

The study by Curhan and colleagues in this issue adds its welcome note

to a flood of negatives about low-calcium diets. Women consuming such diets seem

more at risk for stones than those with higher calcium intakes, perhaps, as

Curhan and colleagues speculate, because of reciprocal hyperoxaluria. The same

inverse association between dietary calcium and risk for stone formation has

been reported among men. These findings are not of direct importance to patients

who already form stones, because current treatment recommendations in standard

sources already lean toward medication and away from low-calcium diets. The more

compelling problem may be among family members of stone formers, who decrease

their calcium intake in order to ward off a familial " curse. " On the basis of

Curhan and colleagues' study and its predecessor, one might advise against such

actions. In addition, one should lean toward adequate calcium intake (at least

800 mg/d and perhaps more) in stone formers receiving thiazide. Curhan and

colleagues' study also makes clear that calcium excess from supplements may

cause trouble. Women who use supplements may be at higher risk for stones,

perhaps because of timing. If supplementary calcium is taken between meals,

oxalate absorption may not be properly suppressed, whereas boluses of calcium

will be absorbed and cause urinary supersaturations to peak. Whatever the

underlying mechanisms, one might take away the thought that dietary calcium

sources are potentially safer, and certainly tastier, than supplementary sources

for stone forming patients.

Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other

nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney:

ls of Internal Medicine: 126:497-504 (1997) - Curhan GC; Willett WC;

Speizer FE; Spiegelman D; Stampfer MJ

BACKGROUND: Calcium intake is believed to play an important role in the

formation of kidney stones, but data on the risk factors for stone formation in

women are limited. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between intake of

dietary and supplemental calcium and the risk for kidney stones in women.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with 12-year follow-up. SETTING: Several U.S.

states. PARTICIPANTS: 91,731 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study I

who were 34 to 59 years of age in 1980 and had no history of kidney stones.

MEASUREMENTS: Self-administered food-frequency questionnaires were used to

assess diet in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990. The main outcome measure was incident

symptomatic kidney stones. RESULTS: During 903,849 person-years of follow-up,

864 cases of kidney stones were documented. After adjustment for potential risk

factors, intake of dietary calcium was inversely associated with risk for kidney

stones and intake of supplemental calcium was positively associated with risk.

The relative risk for stone formation in women in the highest quintile of

dietary calcium intake compared with women in the lowest quintile was 0.65 (95%

Ci, 0.50 to 0.83). The relative risk in women who took supplemental calcium

compared with women who did not was 1.20 (Ci, 1.02 to 1.41). In 67% of women who

took supplemental calcium, the calcium either was not consumed with a meal or

was consumed with meals whose oxalate content was probably low. Other dietary

factors showed the following relative risks among women in the highest quintile

of intake compared with those in the lowest quintile: sucrose, 1.52 (Ci, 1.18 to

1.96); sodium, 1.30 (Ci, 1.05 to 1.62);'fluid, 0.61 (CI, 0.48 to 0.78); and

potassium, 0.65 (Ci, 0.51 to 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: High intake of dietary calcium

appears to decrease risk for symptomatic kidney stones, whereas intake of

supplemental calcium may increase risk. Because dietary calcium reduces

absorption of oxalate, the apparent different effects caused by the type of

calcium may be associated with the timing of calcium ingestion relative to the

amount of oxalate consumed. However, other factors present in dairy products

(the major source of dietary calcium) could be responsible for the decreased

risk seen with dietary calcium.

Gastrointestinal absorption of calcium from milk and calcium salts:

N Engl J Med: 317:532-6 (1987) - Sheikh MS; Santa Ana CA; Nicar MJ;

Fordtran JS et al.:

Calcium absorption from carbonate, acetate, lactate, gluconate and

citrate salts of calcium, and from whole milk, was similar in fasting healthy

young subjects: about 30-40%.

High dietary calcium intakes reduce zinc absorption and balance in humans

Am J Clin Nutr: 65:6:1803-9 (1997) - Wood RJ; Zheng JJ:

Optimal calcium intakes of 37.5 mmol(1500 mg)/d have been proposed for

elderly people. We investigated the effects of calcium supplementation on zinc

absorption and balance in 18 relatively healthy, postmenopausal women aged 59-86

y. All subjects received a standardized basal diet of typical foods supplying

269 mumol (17.6 mg) Zn/d and 22.2 mmol (890 mg) Ca/d during the 36-d study. In

two of three experimental periods, an additional 11.7 mmol (468 mg) Ca/d as

either milk or an inorganic calcium phosphate supplement was provided. Net zinc

absorption and zinc balance were significantly reduced by approximately 2 mg/d

during both high-calcium treatments. In a second study, conducted in a separate

group of men and women aged 21-69 y, a whole-gut lavage, zinc-absorption test

was used to investigate the acute effect of a 15-mmol CaCO3 (600 mg Ca)

supplement, with and without extra zinc, on zinc absorption from a single test

meal supplying 111.7 mumol (7.3 mg) Zn. Zinc absorption was reduced

significantly by 50% when the calcium supplement was given with the meal.

Inclusion of an extra 119.3 mumol (7.8 mg) Zn as part of a calcium supplement

offset the detrimental effect of calcium on zinc absorption. Our findings

suggest that high-calcium diets can reduce net zinc absorption and balance and

may increase the zinc requirement in adult humans.

Dietary habits and mortality in 11,000 vegetarians and health conscious

people: results of a 17 year follow up:

BMJ: 313:775-79 (1996) - Key T; Thorogood M; Appleby PN; Burr ML:

Objective. To investigate the association of dietary habits with mortality

in a cohort of vegetarians and other health conscious people. Design.

Observational study. Setting: United Kingdom. Subjects: 4336 men and 6435 women

recruited through health food shops, vegetarian societies, and magazines. Main

outcome measures: Mortality ratios for vegetarianism and for daily versus less

than daily consumption of wholemeal bread, bran cereals, nuts or dried fruit,

fresh fruit, and raw salad in relation to all cause mortality and mortality from

ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, all malignant neoplasms, lung

cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. Results. 2064 (19'/.) subjects

smoked, 4627 (43%) were vegetarian, 6699 (62%) ate wholemeal bread daily, 2948

(27%) ate bran cereals daily, 4091 (38%) ate nuts or dried fruit daily, 9304

(77%) ate fresh fruit daily, and 4105 (38%) ate raw salad daily. After a mean of

16.8 years follow up, there were 1343 deaths before age 80. Overall the cohort

had a mortality about half that of the general population. Within the cohort,

daily consumption of fresh fruit was associated with significantly reduced

mortality from ischaemic heart disease (rate ratio adjusted for smoking 0.76

(95% confidence interval 0.60 to 0.97)), cerebrovascular disease (0.68 (0.47 to

0.98)), and for all causes combined (0.79 (0.70 to 0.90)). Conclusions. In this

cohort of health conscious individuals, daily consumption of fresh fruit is

associated with a reduced mortality from ischaemic heart disease,

cerebrovascular disease, and all causes combined. (Now which population of

vegetarians did Mr. Barefoot study when he said that vegetarians died 9

years earlier than meat eaters?)

A review of calcium preparations.:

Nutr Rev: 52:7:221-32 (1994) - Levenson DI; Bockman RS:

There are more than a dozen commonly prescribed calcium supplements and

hundreds of different formulations commercially available. Numerous factors need

to be considered when selecting a calcium preparation. Physical properties such

as solubility, interference from coingested medications or foodstuffs, dosage,

and timing can all affect the bioavailability of calcium. Medical conditions

such as lactose intolerance, impaired gastric acid secretion, and high risk

profile for kidney stone formation may impact on selection of a calcium

supplement. This article will review the available literature and make general

recommendations for the optimal use of calcium preparations.

Mark E. Armstrong

NW Rep, PAI

www.top5plus5.com

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