Different pathway in the presence of kidney issues

[Guest guest]

I eonder if this is what was happening in the milk elimination

responders who previously had the yello softserve stool:

We demonstrate the presence of an alternate metabolic pathway for urea

synthesis in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that converts uric acid to urea

via an amphibian-like uricolytic pathway. For these studies, female

mosquitoes were fed a sucrose solution containing (15)NH4Cl,

[5-(15)N]-glutamine, [(15)N]-proline, allantoin, or allantoic acid. At

24 h after feeding, the feces were collected and analyzed in a mass

spectrometer. Specific enzyme inhibitors confirmed that mosquitoes

incorporate (15)N from (15)NH4Cl into [5-(15)N]-glutamine and use the

(15)N of the amide group of glutamine to produce labeled uric acid. More

importantly, we found that [(15)N2]-uric acid can be metabolized to

[(15)N]-urea and be excreted as nitrogenous waste through an uricolytic

pathway. Ae. aegypti express all three genes in this pathway, namely,

urate oxidase, allantoinase, and allantoicase. The functional relevance

of these genes in mosquitoes was shown by feeding allantoin or allantoic

acid, which significantly increased unlabeled urea levels in the feces.

Moreover, knockdown of urate oxidase expression by RNA interference

demonstrated that this pathway is active in females fed blood or

(15)NH4Cl based on a significant increase in uric acid levels in

whole-body extracts and a reduction in [(15)N]-urea excretion,

respectively. These unexpected findings could lead to the development of

metabolism-based strategies for mosquito control.