Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 In a message dated 11/27/01 12:15:57 PM, duodenalswitch writes: << Comments the like of which state that the DS causes malnutrition, fatal gas attacks, stomach cancer, etc., can't be allowed to pass unnoticed. The same is true for comments which unrealistically tout the superiority of the RNY. In traversing these posts of bogus information, I reserve the right to comment on my opinion of those who don't pay attention to what they are doing when they choose a particular surgery. >> Nick: It is a fact that the malapsorption of the DS CAN CAUSE nutritional deficiences. Sheesh - for someone who claims to know what they are talking about, it is rather ridiculous to state that this is 'bogus information'!!!!! To belittle this means putting people at possible severe risk if they don't realize how crucial it is to take supplements and get protein in DAILY. Each person's body adjusts differently over time and different people may require a different set/strength of supplements but to say that they aren't needed (which basically is what you're saying if you think that the DS cannot cause nutritional deficiencies) is inaccurate. These deficiencies take time to develop and often aren't noticed until they are at such a serious level as to become life-threatening and/or so serious at to require intensive intervention. Knowing this fact may make someone who is leary of a malapsorptive procedure choose a proximal one but it is necessary for anyone having a malapsorptive surgery to realize this and take care of themselves. This fact certainly does not have to interfere with normal lifestyle and, as long as people are getting proper aftercare, regular bloodwork, taking their supplements/protein, I really don't think they will encounter any deficiencies. But, one's body needs can change and the levels of nutrients (especially the malapsorbed ones like fat-soluable vitamins and protein) must be monitored to maximize health and catch any dips early. As far as stomach cancer goes, this procedure has NOT been proven to carry any increased risk, although stomach surgeries in GENERAL ARE considered a risk factor. I am not sure if the sleeve gastrectomy would carry a lesser risk (because the lower stomach is left totally intact), but I have read that any alteration of the stomach *can* increase risk. I have posted various articles online, so the archives would have such things and such references. Deadly gas? I personally haven't experienced it but for those who have (and I really don't think they are lying when they relay their experiences or are deliberately trying to make things sound worse than they are), I'm sure it is bothersome and a major concern. I do NOT think every post-op experiences this, it could very well be related to what is eaten but the process of trial and error to discover what bothers the intestines can be a long and frustrating one. I think it is irresponsible to pre-ops to call such possible outcomes of the DS surgery as 'bogus information' because it is NOT. It may not be the result of the majority of surgeries but some people DO experience it and struggle with it (look at Joe Frost with severe protein deficiency). all the best, lap ds with gallbladder removal January 25, 2001 Dr. Gagner/Mt. Sinai/NYC 10 months post-op and still feelin' fabu preop: 307 lbs/bmi 45 now: 204 lbs/size sweet 16/large-MEDIUM in regular people's clothing! Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 In a message dated 11/27/01 2:13:15 PM, duodenalswitch writes: << I think the point being made by Nick..and why I bother to talk for Nick I have no frigging idea because he is one of the most intelligent, articulate, honest and accurate individuals I have ever had the pleasure of calling friend....well that said, the rumours of nutritional deficiencies are implied that they are NOT preventable. As in, if you get the DS you WILL suffer from nutritional deficiencies. That is how it is presented, because it was presented exactly that way to me. I had to research to discover that if I was NOT compliant, this could be a side affect. >> Yes, being compliant goes a long, long way towards staying healthy and NOT getting various nutritional deficiencies. However, there is *still* a chance this could happen even if you try your best... For example, if your health deteroriates or you have a condition that would interfere with your ability to eat properly/often enough/etc., you *may* develop a protein deficiency or other such deficiency not necessarily due to your not trying to get the nutrients in. The good news is these deficiencies usually take quite a bit of time to progress so it isn't like you'll get the flu and develop severe problems after a few days. Also, bodies change and our needs for various supplements change over time. People *may* feel that if they are eating their protein and taking their vitamins they won't need regular checkups or bloodwork (and, the bloodwork is a pain -- 8-10 vials or so!), especially if past labwork was good. One may need more protein if one up's exercise/activity level. One may need less of a certain nutrient over time.... Also, nutrients can be within 'normal' range but still be declining. It is possible that one can continue the 'old' pattern of protein consumption and vitamin supplements but still develop some kind of deficiency and this wouldn't be detected if that person did not have regular checkups, etc. For the most part, I do not think that the majority of post-ops will develop serious malnutrition issues with good post-op care and attention to protein and supplements. I considered this issue thoroughly because it would mean that I'm totally dependent on certain things (vitamins, protein) to ensure future health and I felt a little apprehensive about that. However, the benefits of malapsorption and long term maintenance of weight were overhwhelmingly positive factors when weighed against the issue of dependence on supplements. Taking my pills really doesn't phase me since I have worked it out around mealtimes mainly. However, when I get really busy or am dependent on others to have meals, this schedule can get out of whack (example: I don't eat dinner until later and then this doesn't give me the 2-3 hours ideally necessary for an empty stomach when I take my evening iron pills; I eat breakfast too late and then have to fit the lunchtime pills and meal in so that dinner won't be so late and hence the former scenario). I found this particularly true when I was on vacation recently. My brother is a salesman and doesn't eat regular meals and also has dinner quite late. Whenever we waited for him my schedule was thrown off. If I stick to my pretty regular 'schedule' of eating, I'm fine and all my supplements get it, get absorbed, etc. I am extremely pro-DS myself and wouldn't have had any other surgery. However, I think that the decision to choose the DS is a serious one and malapsorption issues are a valid concern. It is not true that people will just 'spontaneously' develop them but I think that long-term it *could* become more difficult to maintain compliance, especially if one feels and looks great (why do I need all those pills? It may start with 'skipping' a dose and then doing that more frequently, etc.). I think every post-op has to guard against this mentality and make sure that they do get the bloodwork and follow up even if they are taking great care of themselves otherwise. I think most long term post-ops DO THIS but I can see where surgeons could be concerned that there could be a tendancy not to or decrease commitment to certain things years down the road.... all the best, lap ds with gallbladder removal January 25, 2001 Dr. Gagner/Mt. Sinai/NYC 10 months post-op and still feelin' fabu preop: 307 lbs/bmi 45 now: 204 lbs/size sweet 16/large-MEDIUM in normal people's clothing Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 Hi Jane - Your point misses the mark a bit. We aren't talking about what people have done already, rather, the concern is about providing accurate information. When someone makes some off-the wall comment about either surgery, people here may use that misinformation to choose their own course. For one, I won't let that slide by, not because I am in some sort of flame war, but because I believe that we have a responsibility to the newbies to let them know what our experiences are and what we have learned in our own research. Comments the like of which state that the DS causes malnutrition, fatal gas attacks, stomach cancer, etc., can't be allowed to pass unnoticed. The same is true for comments which unrealistically tout the superiority of the RNY. In traversing these posts of bogus information, I reserve the right to comment on my opinion of those who don't pay attention to what they are doing when they choose a particular surgery. Best, Nick Re: why all these religious wars about DS vs RnY? > Dear Steve, > > My feelings exactly... Who cares. I also know RNYers (one is my > mom's friend who is 12 years post-op in perfect health and at a > perfect weight) and THEY are happy. Who am I to tell them that > they're really not? I don't waste my time trying to tell them that > my surgery is better than theirs, na, na, na, na, na....I also > educated a good friend about the DS so she could help her college age > daughter find a procedure and surgeon. The daughter went to a local > hospital and is opting for an open RNY because the doctor was " nice " , > has no lap experience and told her open RNY is better anyway because > he can see and feel everything. Oh well, her life, her body. Your > eloquence is appreciated. > > Jane J. > 230/151 (-79 lbs) > Lap BPD/DS > 4/26/01 > > > > > The postings are really occupying too much bandwidth. Who cares??? > > > > I have a good friend who had the RnY last December. She has done > > quite well with it, at least so far. her courage in electing to > have > > the surgery is what got me interested in WLS in the first place. > > previously, in my total ignorance, I had thought WLS was just for > > kooks, the kind of folks who experimented with drugs and voodoo. > > Then, my PCP, in desperation over my failing health, suggested > > " stomach stapling " and referred me to a surgeon who does only RnY. > > My PCP didn't know about ANY other alternatives. > > > > With reassurance from my friend who told me only the name of her > > procedure and that I could look it up in the Web, and with the push > > from my PCP, I started to do research over the Internet. I almost > > fell for the Mini-Gastric Bypass before stumbling on the Duodenal > > Switch site. Back to my friend: she didn't even know if she had > > received a proximal, medial or distal RnY!! But, she is doing OK. > > And, she's happy. And, she claims that she can eat just about > > anything that she wants to eat. She's in New England, and I have > not > > had the opportunity to watch her eat to verify that claim. But, > > really, who cares? If she's happy, then that's all that counts. > I'm > > happy that I found the DS and had that procedure instead of the > RnY. > > But, does it really matter all that much to anybody but me? I'm > > just damned lucky that I didn't get the MGB!!! > > > > So, to reiterate, " Who cares? " If you don't like somebody's posts, > > filter them to the trash. Don't try to teach a pig to sing. > You'll > > just irritate the pig, and the noise will drive everybody else > crazy. > > > > --Steve > > -- > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 " .....Deadly gas? I personally haven't experienced it.... " Well, let me tell you, some of MY gas could have been used in the trenches in WWI. We keep a candle burning in the bathroom to make it a bunch of minor explosions rather than one BIG one. And to those of you that are here for real information and aren't sure....yes, I'm kidding my gas isn't that bad. Mostly. Ford Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 In a message dated 11/27/01 5:28:21 PM, duodenalswitch writes: << I believe this is what I wanted so clearly to be understood and is well within the charter of this board. I did not want that one statement to go unaddressed, because, in my opinion, it attacted the source instead of the content and by inference could ultimately damage a valuable resource to this board. And, my apologies for giving the impression that I wanted you to either totally agree or disagree with Nick.>>>>> Theresa -- Nick talked about how such things he mentioned were inaccurate (bogus) in the statement FOLLOWING the one you mentioned. Quote the entire source, not just one paragraph. And, THAT'S what I had a problem with -- and I do believe the term 'bogus' was used to refer to such statements. His stating that things such as mention of stomach cancer and the fact that DS causes malnutrition (it CAN! Can't say that is bogus information!!!) are irrelevant or not accurate points about the negative aspects of the DS surgery is what I was picking up on and trying to correct. I can't believe that someone who DOES CLAIM to know so much can even state that malnutrition is not a real and valid issue or concern with the Ds surgery. I do NOT think I'm attacking the source but expressing extreme surprise that he could make such a comment. It's rather amazing that Nick himself *can be* so contentious and insulting to people at times and you will totally disregard this -- but if I mention that I can't believe he would be so bold as to claim that DS malapsorption is bogus (with some sarcasm that he employs so frequently) you will state that I am tarnishing his reputation as a valuable DS source!!! Needless to say, we will definately agree to disagree on this ad infinatum. I am sorry that you took such offense at my attempt to clarify a statement made that I thought was misleading. Now, If I had said 'Nick, you stupid! How can you say that?' I definately would have been guilty of name-calling and trying to say that Nick's opinion and comments weren't of value (something I do believe he has said about those who chose RNY). Instead, I said -- how can such an intelligent person say something likethis????? I think these are two different statements altogether but obviously you consider them to be synonymous. <<<<In the future, if you would prefer to take a discussion off line with me, I am more than willing to do so, if instead of posting your reponse on the board, you respond to me initially offline! I believe that is fair and then noone feels that they are playing " my last word stands " .>>>>> Why would I have to initially post to you offline? Good Lord! When I first responded to you I never anticipated this kind of ongoing dialogue about something which to me seemed minor at first but apparently is something more judging by what you are saying. I think your concern is much deeper than a disagreement about my attempt to clarify the importance of malapsorption and the fact that I considered his statements downplaying it. This is why I strongly suggest that you take it to that level offline because it doesn't involve anyone else on the list, but you and I. I'm saying that this is not something that I think should go on the list when it is apparently a disagreement about Nick (not about what has been said necessarily). For whatever reason, you feel I personally 'attacked him' because I expressed surprise that he could make a certain statement. To clarify: My purpose was NOT to invalidate Nick's experience in the least. I merely used a bit of sarcasm (which he dishes out an awful lot) to say that I couldn't believe he would downplay such an important fact about the surgery. If that was NOT his intent, then I think he should have clarified his meaning by calling concerns over malnutrition issues 'bogus'. I would have acknowledged that I misunderstood his intent. That would have been it. However, it seems that you are insinuating that I have some other purpose to my post and that I want to tarnish Nick's reputation or something. I think that Nick can definately damage himself with nasty comments to others, by name-calling (saying those who get the RNY are 'stupid) and whatnot... but my being surprised by his disregard for a technical aspect of the surgery that is a well known fact (not bogus) is not going to invalidate him as a member of the board, imho. I think Nick has a lot to contribute to the boards and is a valid member, even if I totally disagree with the way he expresses himself at times. Perhaps THIS is the crux of the issue you are bringing up --- and this would involve Nick and my past history of posting, etc. and I don't think it really has to do with the post at hand per se. all the best, lap ds with gallbladder removal january 25, 2001 Dr. Gagner/Mt. Sinai/NYC 10 months post-op and still feelin' fabu preop: 307 lbs/bmi 45 now: 204 lbs (plateau! Yuck)/size sweet 16 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 In a message dated 11/27/01 5:28:21 PM, duodenalswitch writes: << When does someone who does their follow-up, eats their protein and takes their supplements become malnourished? When did I make a statement that would include people who can't remember to take a vitamin and some calcium? These miscreants lead you to believe that malnutrition is a common DS problem.>>>>> Nick: wow - that sheesh-back caused a lot of air to whirl around me as I attempted to grab a rail or something so as not to be swept away.... ROFL (NOTE: extreme but friendly sarcasm present) To me, you didn't clarify or expand on your statement that malnourishment with DS is bogus to include or exclude anyone, that was my point. You stated that malnourishment was BOGUS (and, by association, that it is not a major issue of concern, IMHO). I don't think malnutrition is a common DS problem but it IS a very valid concern for anyone who is looking into the DS. And, yes, I think it COULD possibly happen to those who don't intentionally forget to take their vitamins, etc. My subsequent posts did go into some detail about how extreme/prolonged illness or a change in required supplementation *could possibly* result in malnutrition problems for those who are otherwise compliant. I think the chances are GREATLY reduced for those who are compliant and it shouldn't prevent someone from having the surgery (thinking that they will develop some serious deficiency that is totally out of their control), but I think that it still CAN happen even if one tries their best. That is what every post-op *should be* prepared for and the very reason that we are supposed to have regular medical attention and labwork (at LEAST once a year) to gauge all vitamin, protein and mineral levels, etc. and detect any variations and address the problems early. <<<<<< The great Wittgrove, himself, states that he discontinued the DS, not because compliant patients have problems, but because he is worried that people might not be compliant. When I made the statement, I presumed that someone is intelligent enough to pay attention to their doctor and be totally compliant. If someone chooses not to comply, blame them, not the DS.>>>>>> Hmmmmmm.... I don't know if I totally agree with you on this one. I can see your point -- that someone SHOULD be totally compliant if they are to get the DS and the problem isn't the DS surgery in this case but the post-op who ignores post-op rules and regs for health (I think it's the best surgery out there but I wouldn't state that it is appropriate for everyone - that's a point on which we've disagreed before). However, I can ALSO see how, over time long term, people can become less attentive to the post-op program... Not because they are lacking in intelligence per se or because they intentionally want to tempt fate but because they feel so damn great, get very busy and occupied with their everyday lives and little 'slips'/'lapses' become bigger ones eventually. I think it's only part of human nature. It's kind of akin to the 'if it ain't broke, don't fix it' philosophy: If labs are great and one feels wonderful, is it so so so so urgent that you get those labs on time.. maybe they can be delayed until you are a little less busy, etc.? Do you REALLY need all THREE of those ADEK pills EVERY DAY (I realize that many people do not take this many - just an example)? etc, etc. I'm not saying that everyone will give in to this way of thinking but I'm sure it's more common than you would think. I also think it something that EVERY post=op (except the select few who are very organized, regimented and self-aware so as to never miss a supplement) must struggle with and watch out for. I honestly don't think it has to do with intelligence level. I think people start out with EVERY intent to follow their surgeon's orders TO THE LETTER. They want to get all that protein in and take all their vitamins. This exhuberance *could* wane over time and the spector of severe deficiencies, which is ALWAYS THERE regardless (it is, in essence, literally BUILT INTO the surgery), can be downplayed in a healthy post-op's mind over time. I don't agree that surgeons should openly discourage the DS (they do show a very biased attitude when they will dole out the equally-distal RNY without so much as a peep about the potential for future problems but bitch and moan about the dangers of the DS). I just think that the very real risk of malnourishment should never be downplayed or overlooked and that it may become easier and easier to do so the longer one is post-op and the longer one has positive experience with post-op labs, etc. In other words, the risk remains the same regardless of whether one has three months, one year or a decade of healthy post-op life. It can crop up at ANY TIME if someone breaks from the routine of supplements and protein OR if someone skips doctors visits/labs EVEN THOUGH they are totally faithful to their supplement/protein routine. However, if someone has been healthy for a longer period of time, they may mistakenly feel they have some 'immunity' or a sort of 'freedom' to let things slide (a little at first, of course) and this *COULD* result in a deficiency even if they have a 'perfect' track record. That's my point. <<<<<<As to the gas, yes, sometimes we have it. As I recall, not that long ago, when I was a pre-op, I had occasion to break wind, too. Sometimes it was with great frequency. Why should I be surprised to have gas as a post-op? As to it being a significant problem, I scarcely believe that it is as great a problem as the RNY crowd would have us believe. Does our poop stink? Sure. Did it stink before surgery. Well, as I recall . . . yep.>>>>>> I think for some people, it IS a big problem. I never really had gas as a pre-op and I don't have excessive gas as a post-op. I can honestly say that this problem is NOT one that affects my life except at home on ocassion (my gas comes in the evening when it does and then ... well, let's just say everyone thinks that my 2 1/2 year old has pooped in his pants! Both my mom and dh have commented to this effect when I've had a strong fart!! LOL). I can extrapolate that if I had this type of gas frequently it *could be* quite embarassing and others would most likely comment about the strength of such flatulence. The odor *can* linger more than a regular pre-op fart (although this doesn't always happen) and *can* be much stronger than a pre-op fart. I totally agree with you that any blanket statements about how everyone who had the DS is stinky or must wear charcol underwear is totally erroneous. But, there is a range of experience for post-op DSers and some of these folks themselves (not RNY proponents) have described in great, agonizing detail how bathroom smell and/or flatulence has impacted their daily lives in a negative manner. I think that the good news about this is: IT CAN BE CORRECTED and ALMOST ALWAYS ISN'T PERMANANT! :) It may take awhile, but trying charcol, devrom, flagyl and altering one's diet, etc. CAN help reduce this side effect to a level where it is comfortable and not embarassing. I also think that distal RNY folk could suffer similar fates and many pro-RNY folk do not distinguish between these two surgeries which carry the same 'name' essentially-- the proximal and distal RNY are really two different animals and post-op lifestyle and requirements are likewise different. <<<<<<Do any of the things above rise to the level that RNY patients would have us believe to be the DS reality? Do you really think so? Nah. No way.>>>>>> I see more now that your entire argument is in reponse to pro-RNY folk whereas I read your statement about malapsorbtion in isolation and not as a rebuttal to RNY proponents in particular. I have had experience with various RNY surgeons and patients and some of them have distorted views of the DS procedure (or have an almost total lack of knowledge). I think they have a totally different view of obesity and how to 'control' it than I do for the most part. But, I also think that many of them honestly believe that the proximal procedure is 'safest' for them in the long run. Some people just DON'T want to mess with maximum malapsorption and the onus of lifelong responsibility it puts on someone. For example, I've heard that some young women DO want to get pregnant (most often for the first time) and they think it would be healthier on the body, etc. to do this with a less malapsorptive procedure. While I don't think it is necessarily dangerous to become pregnant post-op DS, I think that it requires much monitoring and there is always a possiblity that things *could* go out of wack (just as there is always the possibility of something going 'wacky' with any pregnancy and delivery - they are not often predictable). Many opt for the 'lapband' over the RNY due to this very fact. I think that a proximal procedure *can be* much less effective in the long run. I also think the whole concept of having to 'punish' yourself and suffer from and develop such unnatural habits towards eating is quite offensive and certainly akin to developing some kind of post-op eating disorder (I have commented on this before in much earlier posts, too). HOWEVER, I can also see where someone *could be* put off by the seriousness of possible deficiencies that can develop post-op DS. Sure, they are pretty easy to avoid but there are no guarantees that one will NEVER experience any in their post-op life (I realize that you've mentioned this in a balanced way in your posts). I don't have any problems with my post-op lifestyle and feel I've been FREED and am now finally able to develop a normal and healthy relationship with food. I'm glad that the lapband at least now can provide people with another proximal option over the RNY. I can only hope that all WLs patients at least look at ALL options and are able to get balanced information (the good, the bad, the ugly and the beautiful) on the DS. I'm all with ya there! <<<<<Okay, I've dismounted from the soap box and you are hereby de-SHEESHed.>>>> Whew! What a windstorm! ROFL Thanks for your reply -- You've clarified some things about your position in my mind. I still think that it is entirely possible for post-ops to develop a more lax attitude towards supplements and protein... and that this has nothing to do with a lack of intelligence. It is something that every post-op should be reminded of, imho in order to guard against it. All the best, lap ds with gallbladder removal January 25, 2001 dr. Gagner/Mt. Sinai/NYC 10 months post-op and still feelin' fabu! preop: 307 lbs/bmi 45 now: 204 lbs (gained! Plateau! Yikes!)/size sweet 16 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 In a message dated 11/27/01 6:43:07 PM, duodenalswitch writes: << Yep, , you are hereby re-SHEESHed. Yes, you can take what I said and massage it into something that it wasn't and you have done so well. What you ended up with in no way reflects what I originally said. You simply added too many " ifs. " >> Well, Nick: Try to clarify things a little more and people will not insert any 'ifs' in the mix.... You did state that malapsorption issues with the DS were bogus... You did NOT explain exactly who that statement applied to (or who was excluded) until later. Some people seem to be able to interpret and understand and read between the lines of what you say whereas I have a more difficult time doing that with some statements that just don't make logical sense to me. You specifically advised that pre-ops not be told such 'lies' or 'insinuations' whereas I think pre-ops SHOULD think long and hard about malapsorption and consider it a serious issue . Not that you said it isn't serious but I thought your above statement downplayed the potential risk. Post-op experience can and does vary GREATLY and CAN include such terrible things as horrid gas, diahhrea and serious deficiencies. No, not everyone experiences them but it IS there as a reality for some folk. To gloss over it to me is doing a disservice to pre-ops, imho. My point, regardless of whether you add or subtract people from your statement about the focus on malapsorption being a post-op issue, is that malapsorption should NOT be discounted or downplayed. I think it is possible for this to occur the further post-op one gets wheras you seem to think that an intelligent post-op would 'never' do such a dangerous thing as to alter their supplement regime, not get routine. Such perils are NOT only discussed by RNY folk but by post-ops themselves. I really don't think it's a conspiracy of RNY folk but I do agree with you that an over-emphasis on such things by pro-RNY people *can* discourage people from figuring out the whole story themselves. As with any stereotype, there is a bit of truth to what they are saying --- It may not apply to all post-ops or be totally accurate, but it IS part of our overall reality. You are not to be un-SHEESHED today.>>>>> Aw,shucks -- guess I'm NOT going to get that little peck on the cheek to show solidarity --- maybe a handshake? :) LOL all the best, lap ds with gallbladder removal january 25, 2001 Dr. Gagner/Mt. Sinai/NYC 10 months post-op and still feelin' fabu preop: 307 lbs/bmi 45 now: 204 lbs/size sweet 16 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 In a message dated 11/27/01 6:43:07 PM, duodenalswitch writes: << They transsect the stomach and rearrange the intestines-how is this different from the DS? They did 400-it sounds like he was working at this for a while. >> Uhhh...the traditional BPD is radically different from the DS in terms of the stomach. The BPD removes the antreum and makes a stoma-like connection between the remaining stomach and intestines. The intestinal arrangement is similar but the traditional BPD allowed for a 50 cm common channel whereas the DS gives more duodenal space before the 'switch' and also traditionally gives more room to the common channel (although it can also be as short as 50 cm in some cases). And, since Dr. Wittgrove is formulating his stance based on the 'older' surgery (which the DS was meant to alleviate), I don't think he has an adequate understanding of the DS surgery and how it *can be* more advantageous to the patient in terms of allowing more absorption while still maximizing weight loss, etc. All the best, lap ds with gallbladder removal january 25, 2001 Dr. Gagner/Mt. Sinai/NYC 10 months post-op and still feelin' fabu preop: 307 lbs/bmi 45 now: 204 lbs/size sweet 16 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 Well, a great big SHEESH back at you, ! When does someone who does their follow-up, eats their protein and takes their supplements become malnourished? When did I make a statement that would include people who can't remember to take a vitamin and some calcium? These miscreants lead you to believe that malnutrition is a common DS problem. The great Wittgrove, himself, states that he discontinued the DS, not because compliant patients have problems, but because he is worried that people might not be compliant. When I made the statement, I presumed that someone is intelligent enough to pay attention to their doctor and be totally compliant. If someone chooses not to comply, blame them, not the DS. As to the gas, yes, sometimes we have it. As I recall, not that long ago, when I was a pre-op, I had occasion to break wind, too. Sometimes it was with great frequency. Why should I be surprised to have gas as a post-op? As to it being a significant problem, I scarcely believe that it is as great a problem as the RNY crowd would have us believe. Does our poop stink? Sure. Did it stink before surgery. Well, as I recall . . . yep. Do any of the things above rise to the level that RNY patients would have us believe to be the DS reality? Do you really think so? Nah. No way. Okay, I've dismounted from the soap box and you are hereby de-SHEESHed. Best- Nick Re: Re: why all these religious wars about DS vs RnY? > > In a message dated 11/27/01 12:15:57 PM, duodenalswitch > writes: > > << > Comments the like of which state that the DS causes malnutrition, fatal gas > attacks, stomach cancer, etc., can't be allowed to pass unnoticed. The same > is true for comments which unrealistically tout the superiority of the RNY. > > In traversing these posts of bogus information, I reserve the right to > comment on my opinion of those who don't pay attention to what they are > doing when they choose a particular surgery. > >> > > Nick: It is a fact that the malapsorption of the DS CAN CAUSE nutritional > deficiences. Sheesh - for someone who claims to know what they are talking > about, it is rather ridiculous to state that this is 'bogus information'!!!!! > To belittle this means putting people at possible severe risk if they don't > realize how crucial it is to take supplements and get protein in DAILY. Each > person's body adjusts differently over time and different people may require > a different set/strength of supplements but to say that they aren't needed > (which basically is what you're saying if you think that the DS cannot cause > nutritional deficiencies) is inaccurate. > > These deficiencies take time to develop and often aren't noticed until they > are at such a serious level as to become life-threatening and/or so serious > at to require intensive intervention. Knowing this fact may make someone who > is leary of a malapsorptive procedure choose a proximal one but it is > necessary for anyone having a malapsorptive surgery to realize this and take > care of themselves. This fact certainly does not have to interfere with > normal lifestyle and, as long as people are getting proper aftercare, regular > bloodwork, taking their supplements/protein, I really don't think they will > encounter any deficiencies. But, one's body needs can change and the levels > of nutrients (especially the malapsorbed ones like fat-soluable vitamins and > protein) must be monitored to maximize health and catch any dips early. > > As far as stomach cancer goes, this procedure has NOT been proven to carry > any increased risk, although stomach surgeries in GENERAL ARE considered a > risk factor. I am not sure if the sleeve gastrectomy would carry a lesser > risk (because the lower stomach is left totally intact), but I have read that > any alteration of the stomach *can* increase risk. I have posted various > articles online, so the archives would have such things and such references. > > Deadly gas? I personally haven't experienced it but for those who have (and > I really don't think they are lying when they relay their experiences or are > deliberately trying to make things sound worse than they are), I'm sure it is > bothersome and a major concern. I do NOT think every post-op experiences > this, it could very well be related to what is eaten but the process of trial > and error to discover what bothers the intestines can be a long and > frustrating one. > > I think it is irresponsible to pre-ops to call such possible outcomes of the > DS surgery as 'bogus information' because it is NOT. It may not be the > result of the majority of surgeries but some people DO experience it and > struggle with it (look at Joe Frost with severe protein deficiency). > > all the best, > > lap ds with gallbladder removal > January 25, 2001 > Dr. Gagner/Mt. Sinai/NYC > > 10 months post-op and still feelin' fabu > > preop: 307 lbs/bmi 45 > now: 204 lbs/size sweet 16/large-MEDIUM in regular people's clothing! > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 ***BLUSH*** Nick Re: why all these religious wars about DS vs RnY? > I think the point being made by Nick..and why I bother to talk for > Nick I have no frigging idea because he is one of the most > intelligent, articulate, honest and accurate individuals I have ever > had the pleasure of calling friend....well that said, the rumours of > nutritional deficiencies are implied that they are NOT preventable. > As in, if you get the DS you WILL suffer from nutritional > deficiencies. > > That is how it is presented, because it was presented exactly that > way to me. I had to research to discover that if I was NOT > compliant, this could be a side affect. > > The same could be said that if you are a pedistrian in San Francisco, > you will get hit by a car. When indeed the accurate statement is > that if you are not diligent in San Francisco, and wait when the > light turns green, you seriously increase your risks for being hit by > a car. > > I do not see one inaccurate statement made by Nick and I would stand > by what he says....but then...flock it...I love Nick! > > Laughing, > Theresa > Dr. Jossart > 11-19-01 > > Still looking for the truck that hit her last week! > > > > > > Nick: It is a fact that the malapsorption of the DS CAN CAUSE > nutritional > > deficiences. Sheesh - for someone who claims to know what they are > talking > > about, it is rather ridiculous to state that this is 'bogus > information'!!!!! > > To belittle this means putting people at possible severe risk if > they don't > > realize how crucial it is to take supplements and get protein in > DAILY. Each > > person's body adjusts differently over time and different people > may require > > a different set/strength of supplements but to say that they aren't > needed > > (which basically is what you're saying if you think that the DS > cannot cause > > nutritional deficiencies) is inaccurate. > > > > These deficiencies take time to develop and often aren't noticed > until they > > are at such a serious level as to become life-threatening and/or so > serious > > at to require intensive intervention. Knowing this fact may make > someone who > > is leary of a malapsorptive procedure choose a proximal one but it > is > > necessary for anyone having a malapsorptive surgery to realize this > and take > > care of themselves. This fact certainly does not have to interfere > with > > normal lifestyle and, as long as people are getting proper > aftercare, regular > > bloodwork, taking their supplements/protein, I really don't think > they will > > encounter any deficiencies. But, one's body needs can change and > the levels > > of nutrients (especially the malapsorbed ones like fat-soluable > vitamins and > > protein) must be monitored to maximize health and catch any dips > early. > > > > As far as stomach cancer goes, this procedure has NOT been proven > to carry > > any increased risk, although stomach surgeries in GENERAL ARE > considered a > > risk factor. I am not sure if the sleeve gastrectomy would carry a > lesser > > risk (because the lower stomach is left totally intact), but I have > read that > > any alteration of the stomach *can* increase risk. I have posted > various > > articles online, so the archives would have such things and such > references. > > > > Deadly gas? I personally haven't experienced it but for those who > have (and > > I really don't think they are lying when they relay their > experiences or are > > deliberately trying to make things sound worse than they are), I'm > sure it is > > bothersome and a major concern. I do NOT think every post-op > experiences > > this, it could very well be related to what is eaten but the > process of trial > > and error to discover what bothers the intestines can be a long and > > frustrating one. > > > > I think it is irresponsible to pre-ops to call such possible > outcomes of the > > DS surgery as 'bogus information' because it is NOT. It may not be > the > > result of the majority of surgeries but some people DO experience > it and > > struggle with it (look at Joe Frost with severe protein deficiency). > > > > all the best, > > > > lap ds with gallbladder removal > > January 25, 2001 > > Dr. Gagner/Mt. Sinai/NYC > > > > 10 months post-op and still feelin' fabu > > > > preop: 307 lbs/bmi 45 > > now: 204 lbs/size sweet 16/large-MEDIUM in regular people's > clothing! > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 Nick wrote: > The great Wittgrove, himself, states that he > discontinued the DS, not because compliant > patients have problems, but because he is > worried that people might not be compliant. That's not quite accurate, Nick. Wittgrove made that comment about their short-lived BPD series. Alvarado has never done the Duodenal Switch procedure. > As to the gas, yes, sometimes we have it. As I recall, not > that long ago, when I was a pre-op, I had occasion to break > wind, too. Sometimes it was with great frequency. Why should > I be surprised to have gas as a post-op? As to it being a > significant problem, I scarcely believe that it is as great > a problem as the RNY crowd would have us believe. I actually think that RNYs have this issue just as much as DS folks, but it's not talked about as much for whatever reason. I have seen the topic on RNY boards though, especially among more medial to distal RNY patients. M. --- in Valrico, FL, age 39 Lap DGB/DS by Dr. Rabkin 10/19/99 Starting weight 299, now 153 Starting BMI 49.7, now 25.5 Starting size 26/28, now 10/12 http://www.duodenalswitch.com/Patients/M/melaniem.html Direct replies: mailto:melanie@... Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 Yep, , you are hereby re-SHEESHed. Yes, you can take what I said and massage it into something that it wasn't and you have done so well. What you ended up with in no way reflects what I originally said. You simply added too many " ifs. " You are not to be un-SHEESHED today. Best- Nick Re: why all these religious wars about DS vs RnY? > > > , > > > > So then, what you are saying is that the statements Nick made are > > accurate. Every single component of living can have a what if. Jim > > Fixx, noted health guru and jogger died of a heart attack at a very > > early age. > > > Theresa: I do not want to get into semantics about Nick's post. I > brought up the fact that stating that there are nutritional risks with > the DS IS a valid and true statement whereas his post seemed to > insinuate that this was merely 'hogwash'. He did not clearly state > that his beef was with those who imply that such nutritional defects > are inevitable but merely stated that making a connection about > nutritional deficiencies and DS is an inaccuracy. > > I do not think the statements that Nick made are accurate. They may > have been incomplete and needed to be expanded upon and this is why I > wrote the reply to clarify that the DS DOES carry nutritional risk. > Such risks can be greatly reduced with proper aftercare and > supplementation/protein but they will ALWAYS be there. There may be > situations in one's life where one has little control over the > development of malnutrition (such as severe and prolonged illness, > etc) although it is true that keeping up with one's supplemention is > the most likely way one will avoid deficiencies as a post-op. > > To me, my posts which are meant to clarify certain things about > malnutrition and DS are not to be taken as a battle of wills between > Nick and I... Why are you insisting that any response I have to Nick > is either totally agreeing with him or totally disagreeing with him? > I thought his post needed clarification and did NOT want preops to > downplay the importance of nutritional risks with the DS surgery. > Let's not make my feeling the need for additional information and > clarification an issue of contention. > > If you do feel the need to discuss this further for any reason, please > privately e-mail me about it. I really don't think that it adds > anything to the list to keep insisting that I agree with Nick or > not... I thought I was adding clarification to his posts where things > weren't clear to me. IF Nick has problems with any responses I've > made, he's welcome to e-mail me as well. So far, I haven't heard > anything from him. I don't think he needs people to 'stick up for > him' on this list -- He is totally able to express himself and does so > often! LOL > > > all the best, > > lap ds with gallbladder removal > January 25, 2001 > Dr. Gagner/Mt. Sinai/NYC > > 10 months post-op and still feelin' fabu > > preop: 307 lbs/bmi 45 > n > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 said: > That's not quite accurate, Nick. Wittgrove made that comment about their > short-lived BPD series. Alvarado has never done the Duodenal Switch > procedure. From Wittgrove's website: Bilio Pancreatic Diversion The most powerful operation currently available, but accompanied by significant nutritional problems in some patients. We're concerned about this, and no longer recommend the operation for most patients. This very powerful operation involves removal of approximately 2/3 of the stomach, and re-arrangement of the intestinal tract so that the digestive enzymes are diverted away from the foodstream, until very late in its passage through the intestine. The effect is to selectively reduce absorption of fats and starches, while allowing near-normal absorption of protein, and of sugars. Calorie intake is much reduced, even while normal-sized food portions are eaten. Although this operation is very powerful, patients are subject to increased risk of nutritional deficiencies of protein, vitamins and minerals. Vitamin supplementation recommendations must be carefully followed, and dietary intake of protein must be maintained, while intake of fat must be limited. Patients are annoyed by frequent large bowel movements, which have a strong odor. Excess fat intake leads to irritable bowel symptoms, and may lead to rectal problems. We have performed over 400 of these operations, and have analyzed our results and outcomes over a long term. Although most patients obtain excellent weight loss, and maintain good health and nutrition, we have been concerned that some do not maintain contact with us, or follow a healthful diet and vitamin regimen, and that this may lead to serious nutritional disturbances, or the need to revise the operation. When compared to the Gastric Bypass, in our hands, this operation achieves similar weight loss, but at a higher risk of nutritional side-effects. Therefore, we recommend it only in certain specific situations, and advise against its routine performance. " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - They transsect the stomach and rearrange the intestines-how is this different from the DS? They did 400-it sounds like he was working at this for a while. Thanks - Nick Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 > - > > They transsect the stomach and rearrange the intestines-how is this > different from the DS? Nick, the difference is that it doesn't include a duodenal switch. The description below refers to their BPD series, of which our own Sharon Snyder was a recipient. You are right though that a series of 400 may not be accurately described as " short-lived " . Nevertheless, it is indeed the Scopinaro BPD that is being discussed below, and not the DS. > They did 400-it sounds like he was > working at this for a while. My personal is that they halted their BPD offering not because it wasn't working, but because they had " perfected " their lap RNY procedure and were seeing good results with it (and presumably patient non-compliance not having as serious a potential for problems). Alvarado's published lap RNY results are still the best anywhere; other RNY results pale in comparison, for whatever reason. How many BPD-related nutritional problems they actually saw is unknown. I know that Sharon and her Mom and Cousin all had an Alvarado BPD and they are 10+ years post-op and doing well. M. --- in Valrico, FL, age 39 Lap DGB/DS by Dr. Rabkin 10-19-99 http://www.duodenalswitch.com/Patients/M/melaniem.html Direct replies: mailto:melanie@... > Re: Re: why all these religious > wars about DS vs RnY? > > > said: > > > That's not quite accurate, Nick. Wittgrove made that > comment about their > > short-lived BPD series. Alvarado has never done the Duodenal Switch > > procedure. > > >From Wittgrove's website: > Bilio Pancreatic Diversion > The most powerful operation currently available, but > accompanied by > significant nutritional problems in some patients. We're > concerned about > this, and no longer recommend the operation for most patients. > > This very powerful operation involves removal of > approximately 2/3 of the > stomach, and re-arrangement of the intestinal tract so that > the digestive > enzymes are diverted away from the foodstream, until very late in its > passage through the intestine. The effect is to selectively reduce > absorption of fats and starches, while allowing near-normal > absorption of > protein, and of sugars. Calorie intake is much reduced, even while > normal-sized food portions are eaten. > > Although this operation is very powerful, patients are subject to > increased risk of nutritional deficiencies of protein, vitamins and > minerals. Vitamin supplementation recommendations must be carefully > followed, and dietary intake of protein must be maintained, > while intake of > fat must be limited. Patients are annoyed by frequent large > bowel movements, > which have a strong odor. Excess fat intake leads to irritable bowel > symptoms, and may lead to rectal problems. > > We have performed over 400 of these operations, and have > analyzed our > results and outcomes over a long term. Although most patients obtain > excellent weight loss, and maintain good health and > nutrition, we have been > concerned that some do not maintain contact with us, or > follow a healthful > diet and vitamin regimen, and that this may lead to serious > nutritional > disturbances, or the need to revise the operation. When > compared to the > Gastric Bypass, in our hands, this operation achieves similar > weight loss, > but at a higher risk of nutritional side-effects. Therefore, > we recommend it > only in certain specific situations, and advise against its routine > performance. " > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > > - > > They transsect the stomach and rearrange the intestines-how is this > different from the DS? They did 400-it sounds like he was > working at this > for a while. > > Thanks - > > Nick > > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 Hi - Thanks for the clarification- I have to agree about why they abandoned the BPD. They were also involved with the AGB trials and abandoned it. Their results weren't anywhere near as good as the ones for the AGB outside the US. I read some criticism of them on the AGB lists that suggested that they weren't doing a good job with the followups, fills, etc. As I recall, they didn't even complete the trials. Why would they need to if they are happy with their RNY mill? Best- Nick Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 27, 2001 Report Share Posted November 27, 2001 Hi - Oh boy! I get to be picky, too ! ! ! I will not focus on your entire post as it is getting to be my bedtime. However, when you said " the DS gives more duodenal space before the 'switch', " you fail to take into account that DS surgeons vary substantially in how much of the duodenum they leave attached to the pylorus. The range is from 2 to 5 cm. with the NY surgeons tending to the shorter size. This presents issues in absorption of vitamins. When you talk about taking 3 ADEKs, that is completely foreign to some of us in the west. Dr. K leaves a longer piece of the duodenum and recommends only one multivitamin and 1500 mg. of calcium per day. This is a much easier regimen to follow, at least for me. This might well account for why you see supplementation as more of a challenge than I do. Anyway, as far as everything else is concerned, you can have the last word. I think that horse has been beaten to death. It will receive no more flogging from me. Okay - just a little smack on the cheek - (without sarcasm on my part). Best - Nick Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 28, 2001 Report Share Posted November 28, 2001 In a message dated 11/28/01 1:04:54 AM, duodenalswitch writes: << Give it a rest, - Your constant massaging of my post is getting to be a bit boring. >> Nick - I have no interest in massaging your posts, just clarifying my point. I was not the one who began this except to respond to a statement you made about malnourishment and responding that I thought it should NEVER be belittled or ignored and brought up possible scenarios as a post-op where this would be possible. You can be as bored as your little heart desires -- use the delete key freely! It won't bother me a bit! Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 28, 2001 Report Share Posted November 28, 2001 In a message dated 11/28/01 1:04:54 AM, duodenalswitch writes: << I will not focus on your entire post as it is getting to be my bedtime. However, when you said " the DS gives more duodenal space before the 'switch', " you fail to take into account that DS surgeons vary substantially in how much of the duodenum they leave attached to the pylorus. The range is from 2 to 5 cm. with the NY surgeons tending to the shorter size. This presents issues in absorption of vitamins. When you talk about taking 3 ADEKs, that is completely foreign to some of us in the west. Dr. K leaves a longer piece of the duodenum and recommends only one multivitamin and 1500 mg. of calcium per day. This is a much easier regimen to follow, at least for me. This might well account for why you see supplementation as more of a challenge than I do. >> Nick -- I was referring to how the DS provides the duodenum space but the traditional BPD does NOT (I was talking about the BPD in my post, not the DS). So, of course I wasn't considering the variation between DS surgeons since my statement was only about the BPD and how it differs from the DS. This was a TOTALLY different post than the ones I wrote about malapsorbtion... So, now you are referring to a different post where I'm talking about supplementation and the importantance in post-op lifestyle? You are correct that many do NOT take 3 ADEKS - I even mentioned this in my post directly (actually, some of the New York patients do NOT take that many -- I've known people who take 1-2 a day). I am taking 3 because I am still within the first year post-op and that is what is recommended. My labs have been great so I don't think anyone has seen the need to reduce them. However, there are others who are Dr. Gagner's patients who do NOT require as many. So, explain that by your theory that taking more supplements is in direct and sole correlation to East and West coast surgeons and practice of leaving a difference of 2 cm duodenum????? Now, the absorption of fat soluable vitamins occur mainly in the COMMON CHANNEL not the duodenum.... The duodenum is involved mainly in calcium absorption. So, my taking ADEKS has to do with my malapsorption in the common channel (and I have a 100 cm common channel), not necessarily whether I have a difference of 2 cm of duodenum. The calcium absorption might be different but I really don't know what impact 2 cm of duodenum could have on this... Your experience of only taking a multivitamin and calcium may be a reality for some post-op DS patients. I have read about quite a few patients who do not take as many pills. However, for menustrating women, iron is *usually* added to the list and many surgeons also recommend some form of extra fat-soluable vitamins (A, D, E and/or K) via ADEK or Twinlabs Allergy A & D or whatnot. Each individual does adapt to the surgery differently, too. I may require less supplementation the further post-op I get and my body adjusts accordingly. Different surgeons may have different standards and beliefs about how much absorption is occuring from the beginning (I think Dr. Gagner tends to be extremely conservative in that area - starting out with the maximum rather than the other way around). But, I doubt that an issue of 2 cm of duodenum is the 'magic formula' which requires anyone to take less or more pills. Different people may adjust faster and require less. A lot has to do with age, too and sex. I am 36, in active childbearing years and menustrating so I think I would require more supplementation than an older male. I think you miss the point of my post entirely -- I am not referring ONLY to taking vitamins (which is not a challenge to me -- as long as I eat regularly I take my meds without incident), but to getting protein in (something I've read many, many MANY people having problems with) AND, even more importantly, maintaining a regular schedule for follow up with the surgeon and labwork. I also mentioned that, especially if someone is taking their supplements/protein, they may be more apt to put off appointments or bloodwork because that regimine has worked for them in the past and they assume it will be aok (which it most probably will but one's body does adjust and small variances/decreases can be caught early and corrected easily with regular bloodwork and doctor visits). The issue of post-op malnutrition is NOT ONLY about taking vitamins, IMHO. It is about proper nutrition/getting enough protein and ALSO maintaining a close and ongoing relationship with one's surgeon/PCP to monitor things properly. In fact, it is the very notion that 'if I take my vitamins, I'll be just fine' that I'm warning against! Let's say 6 months down the road you DO need more supplementation for whatever reason (increased activity level, changes in lifestyle, etc.) --- If you felt totally confident that the 'old regimine' will always hold and if you just popped those pills you'd be ok forever then you would eventually get into a predicament where certain levels could slowly decrease and you wouldn't even know it until you did get the bloodwork and see the surgeon/pcp. Once again, I don't think that this is related to intelligence - I don't think anyone would intentionally never see a doctor. I think that days can turn into weeks and such and visits can be pushed back, especially when people are feeling good and are busy with their lives. Yes -- I consider post-op aftercare a lifelong challenge. I don't have any problems with it now but I want to guard against being more complacent the further post-op I get. Sorry you can't understand this but I think I have a valid point and it isn't just about popping some pills every day. May I suggest that next time you get some rest and then read the post again fully so you can get the full gist of what I'm trying to say? all the best, lap ds with gallbladder removal January 25, 2001 Dr. Gagner/Mt. sinai/NYC 10 months post-op and still feelin' fabu preop: 307 lbs/bmi 45 now: 203 lbs/size sweet 16 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 28, 2001 Report Share Posted November 28, 2001 In a message dated 11/28/01 1:04:54 AM, duodenalswitch writes: << Okay - just a little smack on the cheek - (without sarcasm on my part). >> Nick: you really, really do need to get to bed earlier. Your getting crabby! LOL Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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