Protein oxidation in aging and age-related diseases.

[Guest guest]

Hi All,

Interesting papers relating less active enzymes as we age with free radical

damage and not increased pancreatic enzyme

production caused by not eating enough active food based enzymes as Dr. Howell

suggests.

And a second showing CRONing (which reduced free radical levels better than any

anti-oxidant) enhances enzyme and

protein activity in old age.

That said, food based active digestive enzymes will assist more rapid digestion

in the gut and may help to improve

health via better breakdown of proteins into non active amino acids building

blocks.

Here is a good moving graphic showing protein to amino digestion:

Exocrine Secretions of the Pancreas

http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pancreas/exocrine.html

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=1\

1795513 & dopt=Abstract

Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001 Apr;928:22-38 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Protein oxidation in aging and age-related diseases.

Stadtman ER.

Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National

Institutes of Health, Bethesda, land

20892-0342, USA. erstadtman@...

Although different theories have been proposed to explain the aging process, it

is generally agreed that there is a

correlation between aging and the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins,

lipids, and nucleic acids.

Oxidatively modified proteins have been shown to increase as a function of age.

Studies reveal an age-related increase in the level of protein carbonyl content,

oxidized methionine, protein

hydrophobicity, and cross-linked and glycated proteins as well as the

accumulation of less active enzymes that are more

susceptible to heat inactivation and proteolytic degredation.

Factors that decelerate protein oxidation also increase the life span of animals

and vice versa.

Furthermore, a number of age-related diseases have been shown to be associated

with elevated levels of oxidatively

modified proteins.

The chemistry of reactive oxygen species- [ROS or free radicals..gw] mediated

protein modification will be discussed.

The accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins may reflect deficiencies in

one or more parameters of a complex

function that maintains a delicate balance between the presence of a

multiplicity of prooxidants, antioxidants, and

repair, replacement, or elimination of biologically damaged proteins.

PMID: 11795513 [PubMed - in process]

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=1\

1795521 & dopt=Abstract

Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001 Apr;928:296-304 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut

Calorie restriction enhances the expression of key metabolic enzymes associated

with protein renewal during aging.

Spindler SR.

Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA.

spindler@...

Our studies show that dietary caloric restriction (CR) alters the expression of

key metabolic enzymes in a manner

consistent with an increased rate of extrahepatic protein turnover and renewal

during aging.

Of the key hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme genes affected by CR, glucose

6-phosphatase mRNA increased 1.7- and 2.3-fold in

young and old CR mice.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA increased 2-fold in young mice, and its

mRNA and activity increased 2.5- and

1.7-fold in old mice.

These changes indicate that CR enhances the enzymatic capacity for

gluconeogenesis.

The carbon required for gluconeogenesis appears to be generated from peripheral

protein turnover.

Muscle glutamine synthetase mRNA increased 1.3- and 2.1-fold in young and old CR

mice, suggesting increased disposal of

nitrogen and carbon derived from protein catabolism for energy.

mRNA for the key liver nitrogen disposal enzymes glutaminase, carbamyl phosphate

synthase I, and tyrosine

aminotransferase were increased by 2.4-, 1.8-, and 1.8-fold in CR mice.

Consistent with increased hepatic nitrogen disposal, hepatic glutamine

synthetase mRNA and activity were each decreased

about 40% in CR mice.

Together, these and our other published data suggest that CR enhances and

maintains protein turnover, and thus protein

renewal, into old age.

These effects are likely to resist the well-documented decline in whole body

protein renewal with age.

Enhanced renewal may reduce the level of damaged and toxic proteins that

accumulate during aging, contributing to the

extension of life span by CR.

PMID: 11795521 [PubMed - in process]

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Good health & long life,

Greg ,

http://optimalhealth.cia.com.au

[Guest guest]

thanks for the great links Greg!

a few questions:

as you said, food based active digestive enzymes will assist more rapid

digestion in the gut and may help to improve health via better breakdown of

proteins into non active amino acids building blocks.

any suggestions for blood tests that might correlate this to let one know

how well one is CRONing? do you think insulin response might correlate to

these findings well?

also, what is your take on why CRONing sops up free radicals. where is the

free radical reduction coming from --during the digestion process or within

cellular processes quite downstream of nutrient absorption?

and then there are these CR mice studies. i can't get the paper to see if

these mice are CRing or CRONing. i'm curious to know if this research is

truly applicable to humans living a CRON lifestyle.

thanks for your great research links,

taz

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

NEVER spend more than 10% of your time thinking

about the problem, and ALWAYS spend at least 90%

of your time on the solution.

[Guest guest]

----- Original Message -----

From: " ta2z " <ta2z@...>

< >

Sent: Wednesday, February 13, 2002 1:38 PM

Subject: RE: [ ] Protein oxidation in aging and age-related

diseases.

> as you said, food based active digestive enzymes will assist more rapid

> digestion in the gut and may help to improve health via better breakdown of

> proteins into non active amino acids building blocks.

Digestive enzymes may help if you have a problem with your pancreas or your diet

is bad. Eat plenty of raw veggies and

this should not be a problem.

> any suggestions for blood tests that might correlate this to let one know

> how well one is CRONing? do you think insulin response might correlate to

> these findings well?

The main digestion problem is for proteins and partly digested amino peptide

strings getting into the blood. Eating

more veggie protein and less from meat will help better digestion. Just check

with DWIDP that you are getting enough of

the essential amino acids the body can't make.

> also, what is your take on why CRONing sops up free radicals. where is the

> free radical reduction coming from --during the digestion process or within

> cellular processes quite downstream of nutrient absorption?

Less food = less free radicals produced from both digestion and the later

burning of the fuel. About 90 % of your free

radical load comes from digestion and burning food.

> and then there are these CR mice studies. i can't get the paper to see if

> these mice are CRing or CRONing. i'm curious to know if this research is

> truly applicable to humans living a CRON lifestyle.

Hi Taz,

That is the $1,000,000 question. We don't know but suspect / hope it is so.

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Good health & long life,

Greg ,

http://optimalhealth.cia.com.au