Could Connection-Mapping Brain Scans Help Diagnose Autism?

[Guest guest]

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2010/09/10/could-connection-mapping-br\

ain-scans-help-diagnose-autism/

Could Connection-Mapping Brain Scans Help Diagnose Autism?

Your pencil marks on the door frame mark your kids’ ascending height; your photo

albums carry the visual record of their ascending ages. Scientists have figured

out a new way to track growing up: studying the normal evolution of connections

between parts of the brain as a person ages toward adulthood. If advanced far

enough, such a method could even help to catch developmental disability.

In a study out this week in Science, the team led by Nico Dosenbach outline the

technique based on functional connectivity MRI, or fcMRI. Where the MRI scans we

cover more frequently typically reveal brain structure or activity in a

particular region, fcMRI focuses on the connections across the brain.

The research team scanned the brains … of 238 normally developing subjects aged

7 to 30, for five minutes. By comparing 200 of 12,720 key functional brain

connections and assessing them through multivariate pattern analysis,

researchers then predicted volunteer subjects’ developmental status. [scientific

American]

In this early test of the system, Dosenbach and his colleagues say they could

differentiate a child’s brain from an adult’s more than 90 percent of the time

simply by looking at the connections. Comparing adults to adolescents, they got

it right three-quarters of the time.

Here’s why it’s important: As people age from child to adult, the general trend

in the brain is to move from from a host of links going every which way to fewer

total connections, but longer and stronger ones. If a system like Dosenbach’s

could be refined so the scan places a person’s brain on that curve with great

accuracy, you might be able to see places where a person’s brain maturity lags

behind their body maturity. Dosenbach says that could be a tool to help pick out

developmental disabilities like autism.

Many children with severe behavioral or learning problems get traditional MRI,

Dosenbach says. But their scans usually appear normal, he says. That’s because

the problem isn’t usually with the brain structures themselves. Instead, the

trouble comes from the way those structures are communicating with each other.

[NPR]

But could this technology have darker ramifications? The Washington Post is all

atwitter about the unintended consequences of possessing the power to gauge

someone’s mental maturity:

Will overly anxious or competitive parents demand that their children be tested

to see how they score compared with their peers? Or to help them decide whether

children are mature enough, for example, to leave home for college? Will online

dating services offer brain scans rating the maturity of potential mates? Will

defense lawyers try to use scans to prove their young clients aren’t mature

enough to be tried as adults? Or will prosecutors cite the scans to prove the

opposite? [Washington Post]

We don’t have to deal with those issues quite yet, but we will have to deal with

them at some point. Just look at all the lawyers this year attempting to enter

fMRI scans as evidence as court.

September 10th, 2010 11:04 AM Tags: autism, brain, MRI

by Moseman in Mind & Brain