Found this while doing research unbelievable information

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How We Got Fluoridated

PART II . . . Chronology - 1939 to 1959

1939 The concept of fluoridation now arises as an alternative method

of disposing of industrial waste chemicals, with the attractive

prospect of enormous disposal expense being replaced by great profit

due to the annual volume of these materials being in the hundreds of

thousands of tons. This fact was confirmed with approval in a 1983

letter written by Hanmer, Assistant Administrator, from EPA

Office of Water. Copies of this letter have been widely exhibited as

a smoking gun.

1939 The Hatch Act was passed after revelations that employees of the

WPA, a New Deal agency, were pressured to make political

contributions. The new Act protected against a politicized federal

work force. It also prohibited any federally funded agency, whether

county, state, or federal, from trying to influence public referenda.

Since the beginning of the effort to fluoridate water in the 1940s,

however, the Hatch Act has been repeatedly and flagrantly violated

1939 On Sept 29, Mellon Institute scientist, Gerald J. , begins

his major role in the promotion of fluoridation by saying, " the

present trend toward removal of fluorides from food and water may

need reversal. "

Note: Scientist also had this to say in 1939: " Fluorides are

among the most toxic of substances. Mottled enamel results from as

little as 0.0001 percent of fluorine in the drinking water. Every use

of water must be examined before fluoridation can begin. " (Journal of

the American Water Works Assn. pp. 1926-1930, Nov 1939). Despite all

of this, Alcoa sponsored biochemist, Gerald J. , fluoridates rats

in his lab and mysteriously concludes that " fluoride reduces

cavities. " He makes a public proposal that the US should fluoridate

its water supply. begins to tour the US, stumping for

fluoridation.

1939 The American Water Works Association decided there was

sufficient evidence about fluoride to classify it as a hazardous

material, like lead and arsenic. It then suggested that drinking

water should contain no more than 0.1 ppm fluoride.

1941 Instead of forbidding the dumping of fluoride in water, the

USPHS regulations set 1.0 ppm of fluoride as the maximum tolerance

allowed in a public water supply. This allowed industries to continue

to dump fluoride wastes into rivers.

1941 In December, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. All anti-pollution

regulations are suspended. Many parts of America now suffer hydrogen

fluoride air pollution on an unprecedented scale. Major fluoride

hazards develop in war materials production of WWII, consolidating

government collusion with big industry on a cover up of fluoride

hazards.

1942 In England, a Lancet report showed that out of 589 London

children, 28% had mottled teeth. According to Alcoa's chief chemist

and the USPHS, London's drinking water should contain well over one

ppm fluoride to account for this. Tests showed just 0.19 ppm.

Hydrogen fluoride from air pollution was the probable cause, related

to the heavy use of coal for fuel, a known source of HF.

1942 Hydrogen fluoride supplants sulfuric acid as a catalyst in the

production of high test gasoline in Los Angeles. One such plant

required 500-750 tons of HF yearly (Fluorine Industry Chem. and Met.

Eng., 52:94-99 Mar. 1945).

1943 Planning began on the Newburgh, NY, Fluoridation Demonstration

Project. Atomic bomb program scientists played a prominent but

unpublicised role in this first US fluoridation experiment. Fluoride

was the key chemical in atomic bomb production. Millions of tons of

fluoride were needed for the manufacture of bomb-grade uranium and

plutonium for nuclear weapons. Today, memos released under the

Freedom of Information Act show that scientists from the atomic bomb

program secretly shaped and guided the Newburgh fluoridation

experiment. This reveals the US government conflict of interest and

its motive to prove fluoride safe.

1944 Ewing is put on the payroll of the Aluminum Company of

America as an attorney.

1945 Program " F " is implemented by the US Atomic Energy Commission

(AEC). This is the most extensive US study of the health effects of

fluoride - a key chemical component in atomic bomb production. One of

the most toxic chemicals known to man, fluoride was found to have

marked adverse effects to the central nervous system. But much of the

information was classified " secret " in the name of national security

because of fear that lawsuits would undermine full-scale production

of atomic bombs.

1945 It was estimated that 1% of American children suffered from

dental fluorosis. Today, after fifty four years of increasing intake

of fluoride, from 22% to 84% of our children are so afflicted.

Children with dental fluorosis must wait until they reach adulthood,

when their teeth have stopped growing, to have these teeth capped.

Repair of fluorosed teeth is costly and provides more business for

dentists. The ADA is an ardent supporter of fluoridation.

1946 With no new evidence of safety, and no stated reason, USPHS

raised the maximum tolerance level of fluoride in public water

supplies to 1.5 ppm.

1947 Alcoa lawyer, Ewing, is appointed head of the Federal

Security Agency, later HEW, a position that places him in charge of

the USPHS. He is the second Alcoa executive (after Mellon) to

direct the course of the Public Health Service, completing its

mutation into a virtual pawn of big industry. Under Ewing, a national

fluoridation campaign rapidly materializes, spearheaded by the USPHS.

Over the next three years, eighty-seven cities were fluoridated. This

included the control city of Muskegan in the original Michigan

experiment, thus wiping out the most scientifically objective test of

safety before the test was half over.

Ewing's public relations strategist was L. Bernays, Sigmund

Freud's nephew, who pioneered Freudian theory toward advertising and

government propaganda (see Bernays' 1928 book, Propaganda). Because

of Bernays, people would be induced to forget that fluorides were

toxic poisons. Opponents to the fluoridation program were painted as

deranged. In 1996 they would be painted as civil rights activists,

crackpots, and right-wing loonies. As the newspapers were heavily

influenced by industry advertisers, they became key dispensers of

such propaganda.

1948 On February 17, Ewing publicly called for government

grants for medical scholarships demanding that medical schools be

operated under government subsidies, with the inevitable accompanying

control.

1948 The Donora Death Fog occurs, the second major air pollution

disaster in history. It was caused by the accumulation of stagnant

hydrogen fluoride gas from steel and zinc smelters in a narrow

industrialized valley. Six thousand of the 13,000 residents of this

Pennsylvania town's population became ill, and on the fourth day

seventeen died. A leading forensic chemist, Philip Sadtler,

investigated the tragedy and reported strong evidence of acute

fluoride poisoning. His report appeared in Chemical and Engineering

News under the headline, FLUORINE GASES IN ATMOSPHERE AS INDUSTRIAL

WASTES BLAMED FOR DEATH AND CHRONIC POISONING OF DONORA AND WEBSTER.

The USPHS whitewashed the incident in their report (see Public Health

Bull. No. 306, Washington, D.C., 1949). Their conclusion was: No

pollutant present could have caused the disaster. The following are

excerpts from a critique of that report by Frederick B. Exner, MD:

" A 173-page report tells us that there had been no unusual kind or

amount of pollution, and that no pollution present could have caused

the trouble. Sampling methods of doubtful reliability were applied at

arbitrarily selected times and places, and the results averaged with

no attempt at proper weighting. Calculations therefrom, replete with

arithmetical errors and discrepancies, were combined with outright

guesses to arrive at estimates of emission.

They guess that 210 tons of coal burned in homes emit 30 lb. of

fluorine but that 213 tons burned in the blooming-mill boilers emit

only four lb. No possible reason for the difference is offered.

On page 104, waste gas from the blast furnace contains 4.6 mg of

fluorine per cubic meter. On page 108 it contains one-tenth as much.

Calculations for open-hearth emission show a discrepancy of several

thousand fold, with no way to know where the error lies.

The biological studies and general air sampling are similarly

inappropriate and meaningless. Air samples at twelve arbitrarily

selected points between Feb. 16, and April 27, 1949, can tell us

nothing about concentrations during the episode. "

Test results of a study made of the Donora disaster by US Steel have

been withheld from public view to this day. This is unmistakable

evidence of an effort to cover up highly toxic HF emissions.

1948 As a direct consequence of the Donora disaster, USPHS began

quietly sampling fluorides in the air over 27 major cities across the

country. This sampling turned up serious HF air pollution (up to 80

ppb) in the following twelve cities: Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Chicago,

Cleveland, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Philadelphia, San Francisco,

Buffalo, Denver, Oklahoma City, and Indianapolis (see Register of Air

Pollution Analyses, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

USPHS, Washington DC, 1949-1961).

1950 The new hydrogen fluoride air pollution data collected by the

USPHS presented a major problem. Data gathered showed HF

contamination up to 80 ppb, more than ten times what had been

proposed for standards.

Strong circumstantial evidence suggests that the camouflage strategy

adopted more than a decade earlier by Alcoa in Pittsburgh was to

influence the strategy adopted by the USPHS: If the nation's twelve

cities with the most serious HF air pollution were fluoridated, this

expensive-to-correct problem would be camouflaged. Dental fluorosis

could then be attributed to the water, and authorities could describe

mottled teeth as an " acceptable trade-off " for the claimed caries

preventing properties of fluoridated water. To bring this about, the

Great Fluoridation Experiment underway in Grand Rapids and three

other cities was declared a success in June 1950, five years before

the experiment would be complete. Before a single tooth had fully

developed under the influence of the experimental fluoridated water,

USPHS claimed a reduction in tooth decay of between 50 and 60

percent. (Dean, H. T. et al., Studies on Mass Control of Dental

Caries through Fluoridation of the Public Water Supply, Public Health

Report 65, 1950).

This " success " then allowed USPHS to rush out to fluoridate the

twelve cities with major HF air pollution and thereby camouflage the

toxic air problems. All twelve cities were fluoridated in the

following five years. The same camouflage was to be carried out two

years later by Alcoa in Australia (see 1952, below).

1950 Two years after the disaster in Donora, when the USPHS found

serious HF air pollution across the country, their analytical method

was changed from measuring the level of HF to measuring the level of

fluoride ions in the air. Deception clearly motivated this change.

Fluoride ions, like fluorine gas, are relatively rare toxic air

emissions. By pretending that fluoride ions were the concern in

contaminated air, not the far more harmful HF, the USPHS avoided

exposure of incriminating HF data which it thereby managed, once

again, to ignore.

1950 From 1950 to 1951, Alcoa advertises sodium fluoride for addition

to water supplies.

1950 The Journal of the American Dental Association, (30:447, 1950),

features an article by Dr. G. J. , University of Pittsburgh, who

says, " To solve the aesthetic problem for victims of mottled enamel,

porcelain facings, jacket crowns, or even dentures may be required. "

Note: The public is expected to bear the cost of what is being done

to them while the dental industry profits.

1951 Early in 1951 Ewing allocated $2 million to " promote

fluoridation nationwide. "

1951 Ewing was sponsoring a bill which the conservative

American Medical Association claimed would be the first step toward

socialized medicine. The AMA appealed to its members for a " fighting

fund " to defeat the Bill and $3 million was raised. But at the AMA

convention in Los Angeles, Ewing notified the committee that the bill

was to be withdrawn. That same committee, which had never before

considered the subject, suddenly released a statement saying that the

AMA totally endorsed the " safety of fluoridation. " At that time there

was not one published paper providing evidence to support the AMA

endorsement. But from then on, the AMA left fluoridation to dentists -

and to those powerful forces which were manipulating the dental

trade association (ADA).

1952 The ADA Journal instructs its dentists not to discuss their

personal opinions about fluoride. Here is clear evidence of ADA

political bias.

1952 In London, the greatest toxic fog disaster in history occurred

from December 5-9 in a temperature inversion. Hydrogen fluoride (HF)

gas was the culprit, as in the two earlier major disasters. During

those five days there were 2,000 excess deaths in London, and some

10,000 more people were wiped out in the surrounding Thames Valley.

Similar episodes, both before and after this one, occurred in London.

In 1945, a noxious fog brought death to 600; in 1956, to 500; and in

1957, to 400 (Air Pollution, published on behalf of the World Health

Organization, Columbia University Press, N.Y., 1961, p.175.

Shocking as it is, the toll of lives does not tell the whole story.

Neither the assessments of the toxic air disasters, nor tests

establishing maximum contaminant levels, take into account the

widespread effects on mental function brought about by HF poisoning.

Human behavior is exquisitely sensitive to minute traces of hydrogen

fluoride -- in the parts per billion range. In London, it is likely

that millions of people were so affected. This includes symptoms of

confusion, fatigue, partial loss of memory, and mental dullness and

apathy. The condition identified in 1982 as chronic fatigue syndrome

is currently of undetermined origin, and is now increasingly

widespread. The same symptoms are caused by HF air pollution.

Research on hydrogen fluoride is lacking, and funding is not

available.

1952 USPHS officials, Drs. Dean, Arnold and McClure, concentrate

their efforts to introduce fluoridation into Australia and New

Zealand, providing more evidence for an underlying industrial

motivation.

1952 Alcoa starts construction of the first aluminum smelter in

Australia, two miles from the small town of Beaconsfield, Tasmania.

The following year, Beaconsfield became the first town in all of

Australia to install water fluoridation. Dental fluorosis could then

be attributed to the water as an " acceptable trade-off " for

prevention of caries (unproven). Beyond coincidence, here is more

evidence of the industrial strategy of camouflaging airborne HF

poisoning by fluoridating the water supply.

1953 Ewing retired to Chapel Hill, NC, where he busied himself

with building a 7,800 Acre complex of office buildings under the name

of the Research Triangle Corporation. Many of these office buildings

were promptly leased to federal agencies formerly under his control

as head of the Federal Security Agency.

1955 The Kettering Laboratory in Cincinnati has become the largest

organization of its kind in the world with a staff numbering about

120. Its specified purpose is to investigate chemical hazards that

develop in American industrial operations (to prevent a replay of the

litigation that plagued European industry and gave American industry

a competitive edge).

1956 On Jan 26, Procter & Gamble ran a full page ad in the New York

Times, proclaiming Crest toothpaste " an important milestone in

medicine, " comparing it to Dr. Fleming's discovery of penicillin. P &

G published no evidence supporting their extravagant claims. Harold

Hillenbrand, secretary of ADA responded saying there was no evidence

that any fluoride paste could prevent tooth decay. Initially there

was an FDA warning label on Crest, but it disappeared in 1958,

without explanation, and did not reappear until nearly forty years

later.

1957 Alcoa announces the direct sale of sodium fluoride to cities and

towns - for fluoridation of drinking water. A decade later, when it

was found that phosphate fertilizer companies could sell fluorides

from their smokestack scrubbers for even less money, Alcoa was priced

out of the fluoride dumping market.

1957 The American Dental Association receives $6,453,816 in federal

funds, from 1957-1973.

1958 The World Health Organization (WHO) establishes an Expert

Committee in Geneva to study fluoridation. At least five of the seven

committee members had promoted fluoridation in their own countries.

The American proponent, Professor H. C. Hodge, had some of his

research financed by the Atomic Energy Commission, which was

confronted with serious fluoride disposal problems from uranium

processing. Professor sson, the member from Sweden and a

prominent advocate of fluoridation in Europe, was the recipient of a

USPHS grant and received royalties from Sweden's toothpaste industry.

Such are the sources of the WHO endorsement of fluoridation.

1959 Reynolds Metals Co. built an aluminum smelter on the Gulf of St.

Lawrence, upwind of a Mohawk Indian Reservation. Fifteen-hundred

Mohawk Indians farmed on their island Reservation. Forty-five farmers

had forty cattle barns and 364 dairy cattle. Cattle became lame and

many cows died. In 1977, there were just 177 left. The farmers

themselves were found to have muscular and skeletal abnormalities.

The Mohawk way of life became the victim of a preventable man-made

plague caused by hydrogen fluoride.

Chronology - 1960 to 1999

PART II . . . Chronology - 1960 to 1999

1960 In Canada, the Committee on fluoridation meets in Toronto. Dr.

G. E. Hall guides the deliberations. His daughter was employed by an

aluminum corporation with fluoride pollution problems. He was himself

serving as honorary advisory director for a leading fluoridation

promoting organization, and his University (U. of Western Toronto)

was the recipient of grants from the US Public Health Service (three

conflicts of interest). Predictably, fluoridation of all public water

supplies throughout Canada was advocated.

1960 In August, the ADA suddenly endorses the " safety and

effectiveness " of Crest fluoride toothpaste, with no scientific

evidence available. P & G stock rose by $8 per share. Toothpaste

manufacturers around the world, including Colgate-Palmolive, Unilever

and Beechams, jumped aboard the fluoride bandwagon.

1961 USPHS again raises the maximum tolerance level for fluoride in

water supplies, this time to 2.4 ppm, in spite of the fact that one

USPHS investigator said that at 1.5 ppm, the safety factor was zero.

1963 At the bequest of its industrial sponsors, The Kettering

Laboratory collected US research articles on fluoride and " sanitized "

them by rewriting their findings in published abstracts in a book

titled, " The Role of Fluoride in Public Health. " Sponsors included

Alcoa, American Petroleum Institute, Columbia-Geneva Steel Company,

The Du Pont Company, Harshaw Chemical Company, Kaiser Aluminum and

Chemicals Corporation, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company,

Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company, Reynolds Metals Company, and

the Universal Oil Products Company - all concerned about regulations

bearing on fluoride air pollution and worker health problems.

This book of 158 sanitized abstracts was then distributed to all

health agencies throughout the US, thus becoming the standard

reference work for state and county health departments. Busy health

professionals relied on these convenient and readily available

abstracts, rather than searching the literature for the original

(unsanitized) research. In this way, many key professionals

throughout the country were duped on the issue of fluoride poisoning.

1967 On October 15, the Pittsburgh Press reported that 98% of

Pittsburgh school children 13-15 years of age had crooked teeth. It

was not mentioned that chronic fluoride toxicity from childhood

induces such malocclusion. Hydrogen fluoride poisoning from Alcoa

aluminum smelters in the Pittsburgh area had not been monitored.

Significantly, the Pittsburgh water supplies were fluoridated fifteen

years earlier, in 1952.

1968 EPA chemist Ervin Bellack noted that recovered phosphate

fertilizer acid waste contains about 19% fluorine. He reported that

this concentrated scrubber liquor, which is 23% fluorosilicic acid,

could be used as a water fluoridating agent - instead of sodium

fluoride. Further, this waste product was available in enormous

quantities - enough to fluoridate the entire nation's water supply.

The EPA and USPHS approved and promoted this source of fluoride waste

for public water supplies, without conducting any tests for safety.

Note: Legal disposal of the scrubber liquor as a waste product would

cost about $1.40 per gallon due its highly toxic contents. Instead,

it could now be sold to municipal water departments for upwards of

sixty cents per gallon. Its toxic contents are called out in detail

in the supplier's specification sheet.

The amount of this scrubber liquor sold annually for water

fluoridation has been above one hundred thousand tons for many years.

The scale of this business is in the millions of dollars annually. In

this perspective, it is easy to appreciate the lengths to which big

industry will go to try to rationalize and legitimize this scheme.

Sad to say, it now permanently compromises the health of more than

one hundred million Americans.

The only answer ever given to the above charge is that " toxicity is a

function of concentration, " and that at one ppm in water, fluoride is

not harmful. This glib statement ignores the most important fact

concerning fluoride poisoning: it accumulates in the body. Half the

daily dosage will produce the same poisoning effects in twice the

time period. After a lifetime of exposure to " minute " amounts, the

poisoning effects effects on the body are manifold. Chronic fluoride

poisoning is a time bomb that the majority of Americans now face in

their senior years. It can both cause and aggravate arthritis, a

condition which impairs to some extent most of those who reach the

age of retirement.

1970 Over 90% of toothpaste now contains fluoride. This is the result

of an intensive advertising campaign backed by a profit oriented

dental trade association which is mistakenly perceived as an unbiased

authority. This advertising has tended to establish the image of

fluoride as a beneficial, even essential element, while, in fact, it

is officially rated more toxic than either lead or cadmium. Have

Americans been brainwashed? You decide.

1971 Germany bans water fluoridation.

1971 Birmingham, Alabama, the steel capitol of the South, experienced

a calamitous air pollution disaster. Thousands suffered smarting eyes

and scratchy throats. Eight deaths were reported. Mayor

Seibels said the disaster was caused by stack gasses from steel works

in the area. The emissions hung over the city for three days in a

temperature inversion. Unfortunately, the city had no standards for

hydrogen fluoride (HF) and never monitored the air for these gases.

Newspapers throughout the country blamed the disaster on " high

particulates, " but had no information on this.

GASP, a local environmental group turned to EPA for help, but no

federal standards had been set, and even though human deaths occurred

no one could be cited. Two months later the independent National

Research Council hastily contrived a report for EPA

stating, " Airborne fluoride currently presents no direct hazard to

man. " This could be technically correct, if they were referring to

ionic fluoride, which is rare in industrial emissions. The culprit in

this disaster, however, was hydrogen fluoride, which NRC must have

known. Furthermore, no committee can make a scientific judgment about

safety when there are no standards and no data. Clearly, federal air

pollution policies protect polluters and poison people.

1972 The February issue of the ADA's own Journal reports that dental

incomes and dental costs per person are higher in fluoridated

communities. Dentists don't mention that fluorides embrittle rather

than toughen tooth enamel. Resultant cracks and chipping make tooth

repair more difficult - and more expensive. Also, fluoride makes

enamel porous, thereby increasing the wear rate of the tooth surface.

These facts alone warrant ruling out fluoride treatment for teeth.

1972 Sweden bans fluoridation of public water.

1973 The Netherlands constitution bans water fluoridation.

1976 The CBS News almanac showed there were 76.7 dentists per 100,000

population in fluoridated cities, and only 59.2 in non-fluoridated

cities. This was based on a study of thirty representative cities.

The real surprise came in looking at the three US cities that have

been fluoridated the longest: Grand Rapids, Michigan, Newburgh, NY,

and ton, Illinois. These cities averaged 121 dentists per

100,000 population, which was more than double the national average -

after 25 years on fluoridated water. It is easy to see why the ADA

promotes fluoridation so aggressively.

1980 From March 1980 to December 1980, the Houston Health Systems

Agency allocated $1,399,822 federal tax dollars to promote

fluoridation in Texas. The Texas Department of Health gave

instructions to the Health Systems Agency on how to promote

fluoridation. It stated: " A low profile of government pressure will

be maintained. Convince citizens that they will receive personal

health benefits without local tax money expenditures. " Here is

unequivocal evidence of the character of the USPHS campaign.

More than $94,000 was spent on media promotion of fluoridation in

Portland, Oregon, and $5000 for the poll on why fluoridation failed

to pass.

Of a $90,000 federal grant for fluoridation, that city officials in

Phoenix, Arizona had never requested, $38,000 was earmarked for media

promotion. Here is more evidence of the USPHS campaign.

1982 The Water Chemicals Codex is published from Washington DC

showing all fluoride products used in public water supplies are lead

contaminated. Further, it is widely known that fluorides are

extremely corrosive and leach lead from pipe joints. When water

stands in pipes, the lead contamination in the water can easily

double or triple. It is also widely known that fluoride has a

synergistic action on lead in the water, increasing the absorption of

lead in the human body.

1982 USPHS conducts its first group of studies on animal cancer and

fluorides, mandated by the Congressional Hearings in 1977. The study

lasts until 1984, and is then scrapped because of flaws in design and

progress.

1985 USPHS contracts a second set of studies on animal cancer and

fluoride, mandated by the 1977 Congressional Hearings, eight years

earlier. USPHS again contracts Battelle Memorial Institute in Ohio,

which conducts a study lasting until 1987. The results are released

in 1988.

1985 The cost of dental services in the US rapidly increases - from

$13.6 billion in 1979 to $27.1 billion in 1985 - in parallel with the

increasing environmental saturation of fluoride from many sources.

This is almost exactly a doubling of dental costs in six years.

Inflation cannot account for changes on this a scale.

1985 EPA raises the maximum contaminant level for fluoride in

drinking water to 4 ppm (4 mg per liter). It was raised by USPHS in

1961 to 2.4 ppm. Both of these official increases were made without

any scientific evidence or rationale. The EPA professionals union

thereupon initiated legal action to stop this political decision by

EPA management.

1986 Production of lead free gasoline in the US is growing rapidly.

The process involves the use of HF to achieve high octane ratings

without using lead. HF is now present in automotive exhaust gases

instead of lead, even though it is more toxic than lead (see Townsend

N. and D., Deadly Risks of Lead-free Petrol. New Statesman,

20 October 1988).

1987 A series of hydrogen fluoride accidents in Texas City, Texas,

Torrance California, and Tulsa, Oklahoma, demonstrate that industrial

hydrogen fluoride sites are a major public safety threat. Small

amounts of HF liquid will release a dense ground hugging gas cloud,

lethal for several miles. The first symptoms of exposure to trace

amounts of HF are psychological, including confusion, fatigue,

partial memory loss, and mental dullness.

1988 Battelle Memorial Institute releases its studies on fluoride and

animal cancer, for the USPHS, reporting highly specific fluoride-

related cancers. The data is turned over by USPHS to the National

Toxicology Program (NTP), who gives the data to the Experimental

Pathology Labs, who reclassify and delete items damaging to the pro-

fluoridation faction. The altered data is then submitted to

the " pathology working group " on Dec 6, 1989, after a year of

reworking - all this with the full knowledge of EPA. USPHS had data

from the National Cancer Institute, as well as Procter and Gamble,

indicating that fluoride causes bone cancer, but chose, likewise, to

cover up those studies. By these inordinate delays spanning more than

a decade, USPHS was able to make a travesty of the 1977 Congressional

mandate.

1990 Procter and Gamble spends $30 million advertising Crest on US

television. On March 5th the ADA News published a photo of ADA

President Mike Overbey accepting a check for $100,000 from Procter

and Gamble: " to commemorate the 30th Anniversary of ADA's recognition

of Crest. "

1990 Dr. Marcus, a senior scientist at the US Environmental

Protection Agency, was fired for exposing a coverup in a government

study showing clear evidence that fluoride causes cancer.

1991 Dr. J. Carton, Vice President of the Union representing

twelve hundred scientists, engineers, and lawyers at EPA

headquarters, presented the Drinking Water Subcommittee of the

Science Advisory Board of EPA with evidence of scientific fraud in

the preparation of EPA's fluoride in drinking water standard. No

follow-up by the Science Advisory Board was ever made.

1991 Over 143,000 tons of toxic fluorides were dumped into US public

drinking water this year. Most of it was fluorosilicic acid (FSA)

from the fertilizer industry, still untested by the federal

government. Eight milligrams of FSA per kilogram of body weight is

lethal, which is identical to the toxicity of arsenic oxide.

Fluorosilicic acid is more than seven times as toxic as sodium

fluoride, which in turn is 87 times as toxic as calcium fluoride

which is found in some places to occur naturally in ground water and

causes dental fluorosis.

1992 In December, Dr. Marcus was vindicated when

Administrative Law Judge, A. , Jr., ordered EPA to give

him back his job, with back pay, legal expenses, and $50,000 in

damages. EPA appealed, but the appeal was turned down in 1994, by

Secretary of Labor, Reich, who accused EPA of firing Dr.

Marcus in retaliation for speaking his mind in public. Reich found,

among other things, that EPA had shredded important evidence that

would have supported Dr. Marcus in court. The original trial

proceedings also show that EPA employees who wanted to testify on

behalf of Dr. Marcus were threatened by their own management. EPA

officials also forged some of his time cards, and then accused Dr.

Marcus of misusing his office time.

1997 The Union of professionals at EPA headquarters in Washington,

D.C., voted unanimously to co-sponsor a safe drinking water

initiative that would reverse California's 1995 mandatory

fluoridation law. Local 2050 of the National Federation of Federal

Employees has charged EPA management with " fraudulent alterations of

data and negligent omission of facts to arrive at predetermined

Agency positions regarding fluoride. " The above major news item on

EPA went largely unreported across the country, clear evidence of the

effective blackout on factual news concerning fluoride.

1997 Administrative " mandates " for fluoridation have been rejected at

the polls in Pennsylvania, Kansas, and Washington States and in

several other communities within the last two years. This indicates

growing public concern and a new emergence of public awareness.

1998 It was determined that over the past 50 years industries have

released more than 25,000,000 tons of fluoride gases and particulates

into the atmosphere. Arthritis, one of the most common physical

symptoms of HF, is now found in the bulk of the senior population in

the US. Fluorides and especially HF are severe nerve poisons.

Alzheimers Disease, in parallel with the fluoride poisoning of the US

environment has become the number four cause of death in the US. Why

are these striking synchronisms not being investigated? The answer is

simple: Industry and their captive federal agencies do not support

it.

1998 The financial motivation of dental trade organizations are high.

In California, in September of this year, Delta Dental Plan of

California pledged $100,000, and the California Dental Association

pledged $30,000, to help fund-raising efforts for fluoridating the

State of California. While EPA professionals reject fluoridation, the

American Dental Association fiercely embraces fluoridation as

perfectly, wonderfully safe. Can this have anything to do

with " endorsing " dozens of fluoride-added products with their " seal

of approval " for untold amounts of money?

1999 Jan 21 Newswire/ -- Y2KNEWSWIRE.COM today urged cities and

municipalities to disconnect water fluoridation equipment during the

Y2K rollover to prevent possible fluoride fatalities. Over the last

25 years fatalities have occurred when fluoride saturation levels ran

too high; some due to faulty flow control systems. In 1994, the New

England Journal of Medicine published a study of a fatal fluoride

overdose incident in Alaska, and dozens of verified

fluoride " overfeeds " have occurred in cities and schools across the

country. The risk of a fatal fluoride overdose is highest in schools,

where the low body weight of children increases the risk. Saturation

devices based on embedded systems or computer controls should be

considered " unsafe " until proven otherwise.

1999 Although studies conducted in the late 1990s (see references 8

and 9 below) under the sponsorship of two of the nation's most

prestigious universities, directly link sodium fluoride with damage

to the central nervous system, the national fluoridation campaign

long promoted by the Public Health Service and the American Dental

Association continues unabated. The reasons clearly cannot be

scientific or ethical. They are vested interests in corporate profit

without real regard to human life and welfare.

EPILOGUE

How We Got Fluoridated

EPILOG ... The Approaching Confrontation

Alcoa responded to the human health issue in Pittsburgh with the

initial plan to change public perceptions in order to protect

industry. Mellon and Ewing, from Alcoa, the largest

fluoride polluter, were successively appointed to positions in

control of the US Public Health Service. These appointments spanned

the better part of two decades and had the effect of transforming an

agency established to protect people's health into an agency to

protect industry, without, of course, changing its name. EPA took on

a similar role since its very inception in 1971, led by

Ruckelshaus. At that time there existed a longstanding need for

national standards on hydrogen fluoride emissions. During the first

EPA press conference in January 1971, Mr. Ruckelshaus solemnly

pledged to do so before the National Press Club. Neither he nor his

successor, Train, ever did.

Industry and these government agencies have, so far, been largely

successful in obscuring the facts. This has been brought about by

authoritarian endorsement and opinion, by making claims unsupported

by valid science, and by repetition -- the devices used by

advertisers and propagandists. At the same time, opposition or even

open discussion on the subject of fluoride pollution has been widely

suppressed in the media.

All of this has resulted in an erroneous public mind set.

The best antidote to break this erroneous mind set is an

investigation and clear delineation of the facts, and making this

material widely available. Radio talk shows, special television

programming, and informative internet web sites are now eroding the

deceptive mask constructed over decades by industry and their

propagandists.

This historical review poses a challenge to the citizens of this

country. Is this the " Brave New World " of Aldous Huxley? Has

democracy become a total fiction? Tens of millions of people in this

country now have mottled teeth, all caused by fluoride. The severity

of dental fluorosis is increasing as well as the number of people

affected. Are we actually being conditioned to accept this as normal

and a mere " cosmetic effect " ?

Studies have implicated fluoride in many chronic diseases, and

recently in impairments of the central nervous system, with both

physical and behavioral evidence for this (see references 8 and 9,

below). But current law is concerned with only one health effect:

crippling skeletal fluorosis. To stop fluoridation the focus must be

on enforcing existing law.

The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for enforcing the

Safe Drinking Water Act. That this responsibility is being evaded and

that this law is being ignored and literally bypassed is

incontestable. If EPA were forced to comply with the law,

fluoridation of public water would be illegal in America. A

Congressional Investigation of the details of EPA's violation of this

law would inevitably bury fluoridation nationally.

References

Caldwell, Gladys and Philip Zanfagna, Fluoridation and Truth Decay,

Top-Ecol Press, 1974

Exner, F. B., Economic Motives Behind Fluoridation, Aqua Pura, Jan

1966

Griffiths, and Bryson, Fluoride, Teeth, and The Atomic

Bomb, 1997

Ronsivalli, L. J., Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies, Mermakk

Pub, 1998

, E. G., The Secret War and The Fluoride Conspiracy, Epeius Pub,

Australia, 1997

Valerian, V., Analytical Chronology of Fluoridation, Leading Edge

International Research Group, 1997

Government document summaries on fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, sodium

fluoride, and fluorosilicic acid, obtained under the Freedom of

Information Act.

Mullenix PJ, Denbesten PK, et al, 1995. Neurotoxicity of sodium

fluoride in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1995 Mar-Apr; 17(2): 169-77.

Varner JA, Jensen KF, et al, 1998. Chronic administration of aluminum

fluoride or sodium fluoride to rats in drinking water: alterations in

neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity. Brain Res 1998 Feb 16; 784(1-

2): 284-98.

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February 13, l999

U.S. Department of Justice

Environmental Crimes Division

601 Pennsylvania Ave., NW 6th Floor

Washington, DC 20004

Subject: Safe Drinking Water Act

Maximum Contaminant Level

for fluoride in drinking water

When EPA set the maximum contaminant level for fluoride in drinking

water at four milligrams per liter, they based their calculation on

incorrect dosage figures, which they described as 20 mg/day for 20 or

more years. The calculation should have been based on a minimum of 10

mg/day for 10 or more years. This figure represents the total daily

fluoride dosage according to the National Research Council which

might cause crippling skeletal fluorosis.

EPA also erred in failing to consider individual tolerances and

lifetime exposures. Twenty years does not a lifetime make.

EPA further violated the essence of the Safe Drinking Water Act in

failing to consider arthritis (phase 1 and 2 skeletal fluorosis) as

an " adverse " health effect ... and in classifying disfiguring dental

fluorosis as not an adverse health effect but merely " cosmetic. "

EPA has set the MCL at a level too high to provide the legally

required margin of safety. In addition to the errors mentioned above,

EPA also neglected to consider background levels of fluoride which,

unlike the situation fifty years ago, can be several times the dosage

delivered in drinking water. In short, EPA has relied on outdated and

inaccurate information.

EPA must re-calculate the MCL according to law. Their minimum dosage

figures 20 mg/day for 20 years for crippling skeletal fluorosis, were

the result of an error in arithmetic, miscalculated by Harold C.

Hodge, Ph.D., in 1953 and corrected by Dr. Hodge in 1979. NAS/NRC

corrected their figures in 1993. The minimum is currently estimated

to be 10 mg/day for 10 years, or far less, on a daily basis, when

ingested over a lifetime, or by individuals who are more vulnerable

to the toxic effects of soluble fluorides. EPA management, however,

has steadfastly ignored these facts.

I am writing to you today to ask your assistance in forcing the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency to obey the law.

References:

The Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 U.S.C. 300f, et seq.

National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Fluoride, Federal

Register, 50(220): 47142-47171, Nov 14, 1985.

National Academy of Sciences / National Research Council, HEALTH

EFFECTS OF INGESTED FLUORIDE, 1993, p 59.

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, REVIEW OF FLUORIDE

BENEFITS AND RISKS, 1991, page 46.

See images of the USDHHS symptoms & NAS/NRC dosage figures at:

http://rvi.net/~fluoride