AUTISM and CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

May 12, 2009

Children with autism are reported to frequently suffer from

constipation, diarrhea and upset stomachs. Gibson's team found high

levels of CLOSTRIDIUM bacteria in feces of children with autism.

" Some clostridium bacteria produce neurotoxins, which may affect the

brain at early stages of development, "

http://monterey.networkofcare.org/aging/news/detail.cfm?articleID=12158\

<http://monterey.networkofcare.org/aging/news/detail.cfm?articleID=12158\

>

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Autism and Clostridium tetani.

Bolte ER

Autism is a severe developmental disability believed to have multiple

etiologies. This paper outlines the possibility of a subacute, chronic

tetanus infection of the intestinal tract as the underlying cause for

symptoms of autism observed in some individuals. A significant

percentage of individuals with autism have a history of extensive

antibiotic use. Oral antibiotics significantly disrupt protective

intestinal microbiota, creating a favorable environment for colonization

by opportunistic pathogens. Clostridium tetani is an ubiquitous

anaerobic bacillus that produces a potent neurotoxin. Intestinal

colonization by C. tetani, and subsequent neurotoxin release, have been

demonstrated in laboratory animals which were fed vegetative cells. The

vagus nerve is capable of transporting tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and

provides a route of ascent from the intestinal tract to the CNS. This

route bypasses TeNT's normal preferential binding sites in the spinal

cord, and therefore the symptoms of a typical tetanus infection are not

evident. Once in the brain, TeNT disrupts the release of

neurotransmitters by the proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin, a

synaptic vesicle membrane protein. This inhibition of neurotransmitter

release would explain a wide variety of behavioral deficits apparent in

autism. Lab animals injected in the brain with TeNT have exhibited many

of these behaviors. Some children with autism have also shown a

significant reduction in stereotyped behaviors when treated with

antimicrobials effective against intestinal clostridia. When viewed as

sequelae to a subacute, chronic tetanus infection, many of the puzzling

abnormalities of autism have a logical basis. A review of atypical

tetanus cases, and strategies to test the validity of this paper's

hypothesis, are included.

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PMID: 9881820 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Short-term benefit from oral vancomycin treatment of regressive-onset

autism.

Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Rush Children's

Hospital, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

rushstudy@...

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In most cases symptoms of autism begin in early infancy. However, a

subset of children appears to develop normally until a clear

deterioration is observed. Many parents of children with

" regressive " -onset autism have noted antecedent antibiotic exposure

followed by chronic diarrhea. We speculated that, in a subgroup of

children, disruption of indigenous gut flora might promote colonization

by one or more neurotoxin-producing bacteria, contributing, at least in

part, to their autistic symptomatology. To help test this hypothesis, 11

children with regressive-onset autism were recruited for an intervention

trial using a minimally absorbed oral antibiotic. Entry criteria

included antecedent broad-spectrum antimicrobial exposure followed by

chronic persistent diarrhea, deterioration of previously acquired

skills, and then autistic features. Short-term improvement was noted

using multiple pre- and post-therapy evaluations. These included coded,

paired videotapes scored by a clinical psychologist blinded to treatment

status; these noted improvement in 8 of 10 children studied.

Unfortunately, these gains had largely waned at follow-up. Although the

protocol used is not suggested as useful therapy, these results indicate

that a possible gut flora-brain connection warrants further

investigation, as it might lead to greater pathophysiologic insight and

meaningful prevention or treatment in a subset of children with autism.

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AUTISM and CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

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