Fw: HISTORY OF SECRET EXPERIMENTATION

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----- Original Message -----

From: " Kathi " <pureheart@...>

Sent: Friday, August 09, 2002 10:53 AM

Subject: HISTORY OF SECRET EXPERIMENTATION

> 1931

> Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller

> Institute for Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer

> cells. He later goes on to establish the

> U.S. Army Biological Warfare facilities in land, Utah, and

> Panama, and is named to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. While there,

> he begins a series of radiation

> exposure experiments on American soldiers and civilian

> hospital patients.

> 1932

> The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black men diagnosed

> with syphilis are never told of their illness, are denied treatment, and

> instead are used as human guinea pigs in

> order to follow the progression and symptoms of the disease.

> They all subsequently die from syphilis, their families never told that

> they could have been treated.

> 1935

> The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die from

> Pellagra over a span of two decades, the U.S. Public Health Service

> finally acts to stem the disease. The director of

> the agency admits it had known for at least 20 years that

> Pellagra is caused by a niacin deficiency but failed to act since most

> of the deaths occured within poverty-striken

> black populations.

> 1940

> Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in

> order to study the effects of new and experimental drugs to combat the

> disease. Nazi doctors later on trial at

> Nuremberg cite this American study to defend their own actions

> during the Holocaust.

> 1942

> Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on

> approximately 4,000 servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 and

> made use of Seventh Day Adventists

> who chose to become human guinea pigs rather than serve on

> active duty.

> 1943

> In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare program, the

> U.S. begins research on biological weapons at Fort Detrick, MD.

> 1944

> U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and clothing.

> Individuals were locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas and

> lewisite.

> 1945

> Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State Department,

> Army intelligence, and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists and offer them

> immunity and secret identities in exchange for

> work on top secret government projects in the United States.

> 1945

> " Program F " is implemented by the U.S. Atomic Energy

> Commission (AEC). This is the most extensive U.S. study of the health

> effects of fluoride, which was the key chemical

> component in atomic bomb production. One of the most toxic

> chemicals known to man, fluoride, it is found, causes marked adverse

> effects to the central nervous system but

> much of the information is squelched in the name of national

> security because of fear that lawsuits would undermine full-scale

> production of atomic bombs.

> 1946

> Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea pigs for medical

> experiments. In order to allay suspicions, the order is given to change

> the word " experiments " to " investigations " or

> " observations " whenever reporting a medical study performed in

> one of the nation's veteran's hospitals.

> 1947

> Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy Comission

> issues a secret document (Document 07075001, January 8, 1947) stating

> that the agency will begin administering

> intravenous doses of radioactive substances to human subjects.

>

> 1947

> The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for use

> by American intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian and military)

> are used with and without their knowledge.

> 1950

> Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear weapons

> in desert areas and monitor downwind residents for medical problems and

> mortality rates.

> 1950

> In an experiment to determine how susceptible an American city

> would be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of bacteria

> from ships over San Franciso.

> Monitoring devices are situated throughout the city in order

> to test the extent of infection. Many residents become ill with

> pneumonia-like symptoms.

> 1951

> Department of Defense begins open air tests using

> disease-producing bacteria and viruses. Tests last through 1969 and

> there is concern that people in the surrounding areas

> have been exposed.

> 1953

> U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas over

> Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley

> in land, and Leesburg, Virginia.

> Their intent is to determine how efficiently they could

> disperse chemical agents.

> 1953

> Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which tens of

> thousands of people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to the

> airborne germs Serratia marcescens

> and Bacillus glogigii.

> 1953

> CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year research

> program designed to produce and test drugs and biological agents that

> would be used for mind control and

> behavior modification. Six of the subprojects involved testing

> the agents on unwitting human beings.

> 1955

> The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect human

> populations with biological agents, releases a bacteria withdrawn from

> the Army's biological warfare arsenal over

> Tampa Bay, Fl.

> 1955

> Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its

> potential use as a chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000

> Americans participate in the tests, which

> continue until 1958.

> 1956

> U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever

> over Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, Army agents

> posing as public health officials test

> victims for effects.

> 1958

> LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical Warfare

> Laboratories for its effect on intelligence.

> 1960

> The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI)

> authorizes field testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing of

> the european population is code named Project

> THIRD CHANCE; testing of the Asian population is code named

> Project DERBY HAT.

> 1965

> CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a

> program to develop a capability to manipulate human behavior through the

> use of mind-altering drugs.

> 1965

> Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are

> subjected to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent Orange

> used in Viet Nam. The men are later

> studied for development of cancer, which indicates that Agent

> Orange had been a suspected carcinogen all along.

> 1966

> CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the

> toxicological effects of certain drugs on humans and animals.

> 1966

> U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger throughout

> the New York City subway system. More than a million civilians are

> exposed when army scientists drop lightbulbs

> filled with the bacteria onto ventilation grates.

> 1967

> CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI,

> successor to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and test

> biological and chemical weapons.

> 1968

> CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking

> water by injecting chemicals into the water supply of the FDA in

> Washington, D.C.

> 1969

> Dr. MacMahan of the Department of Defense requests from

> congress $10 million to develop, within 5 to 10 years, a synthetic

> biological agent to which no natural

> immunity exists.

> 1970

> Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained under

> H.R. 15090. The project, under the supervision of the CIA, is carried

> out by the Special Operations Division at Fort

> Detrick, the army's top secret biological weapons facility.

> Speculation is raised that molecular biology techniques are used to

> produce AIDS-like retroviruses.

> 1970

> United States intensifies its development of " ethnic weapons "

> (Military Review, Nov., 1970), designed to selectively target and

> eliminate specific ethnic groups who are

> susceptible due to genetic differences and variations in DNA.

> 1975

> The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for Biological

> Warfare Research is renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities and

> placed under the supervision of the National

> Cancer Institute (NCI) . It is here that a special virus

> cancer program is initiated by the U.S. Navy, purportedly to develop

> cancer-causing viruses. It is also here that

> retrovirologists isolate a virus to which no immunity exists.

> It is later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia Virus).

> 1977

> Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm that

> 239 populated areas had been contaminated with biological agents between

> 1949 and 1969. Some of the areas

> included San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key West, Panama

> City, Minneapolis, and St. Louis.

> 1978

> Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, conducted by the CDC,

> begin in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for research

> subjects specifically ask for promiscuous

> homosexual men.

> 1981

> First cases of AIDS are confirmed in homosexual men in New

> York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, triggering speculation that AIDS

> may have been introduced via the Hepatitis

> B vaccine.

> 1985

> According to the journal Science (227:173-177), HTLV and

> VISNA, a fatal sheep virus, are very similar, indicating a close

> taxonomic and evolutionary relationship.

> 1986

> According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of

> Sciences (83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and share all

> structural elements, except for a small

> segment which is nearly identical to HTLV. This leads to

> speculation that HTLV and VISNA may have been linked to produce a new

> retrovirus to which no natural immunity

> exists.

> 1986

> A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. Government's

> current generation of biological agents includes: modified viruses,

> naturally occurring toxins, and agents that are

> altered through genetic engineering to change immunological

> character and prevent treatment by all existing vaccines.

> 1987

> Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty banning

> research and development of biological agents, it continues to operate

> research facilities at 127 facilities and

> universities around the nation.

> 1990

> More than 1500 six-month old black and hispanic babies in Los

> Angeles are given an " experimental " measles vaccine that had never been

> licensed for use in the United States.

> CDC later admits that parents were never informed that the

> vaccine being injected to their children was experimental.

> 1994

> With a technique called " gene tracking, " Dr. Garth Nicolson at

> the MD Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers that many

> returning Desert Storm veterans are

> infected with an altered strain of Mycoplasma incognitus, a

> microbe commonly used in the production of biological weapons.

> Incorporated into its molecular structure is 40

> percent of the HIV protein coat, indicating that it had been

> man-made.

> 1994

> Senator D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing that for

> at least 50 years the Department of Defense has used hundreds of

> thousands of military personnel in human

> experiments and for intentional exposure to dangerous

> substances. Materials included mustard and nerve gas, ionizing

> radiation, psychochemicals, hallucinogens, and drugs

> used during the Gulf War.

> 1995

> U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war

> criminals and scientists who had performed human medical experiments

> salaries and immunity from prosecution in

> exchange for data on biological warfare research.

> 1995

> Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological

> agents used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, TX and

> Boca Raton, Fl and tested on prisoners in

> the Texas Department of Corrections.

> 1996

> Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm soldiers were

> exposed to chemical agents.

> 1997

> Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding an

> investigation into bioweapons use & Gulf War Syndrome.

>