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Patterns and Distribution of HIV among Adult Men and Women in India

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Patterns and Distribution of HIV among Adult Men and Women in India

M. Perkins1, Kashif T. Khan2, S. V. Subramanian3*

Abstract

Background

While the estimated prevalence of HIV in India experienced a downward revision

in 2007, the patterning and distribution of HIV in the population remains

unclear. We examined the individual and state-level socioeconomic patterning of

individual HIV status among adult men and women in India as well as the

patterning of other individual demographic and behavioral determinants of HIV

status.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We conducted logistic regression models accounting for the survey design using

nationally representative, cross-sectional data on 100,030 women and men from

the 2005–2006 India National Family Health survey which, for the first time,

provided objective assessments of HIV seroprevalence.

Although there was a weak relationship between household wealth and risk of

being HIV-positive, there was a clear negative relationship between individual

education attainment and risk of being HIV-positive among both men and women.

A 1000 Rupee change in the per capita net state domestic product was associated

with a 4% and 5% increase in the risk for positive HIV status among men and

women, respectively. State-level income inequality was associated with increased

risk of HIV for men. Marital status and selected sexual behavior indicators were

significant predictors of HIV status among women whereas the age effect was the

most dominant predictor of HIV infection among men.

Conclusions/Significance

Although the prevalence of HIV in India is low, the lack of strong wealth

patterning in the risk of HIV suggests a more generalized distribution of HIV

risk than some of India's high-risk group HIV prevention policies have assumed.

The positive association between state economic development and individual risk

for HIV is intriguing and requires further scrutiny.

Citation: Perkins JM, Khan KT, Subramanian SV (2009) Patterns and Distribution

of HIV among Adult Men and Women in India. PLoS ONE 4(5): e5648.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005648

[A pdf copy of the full version of the article is available from the editor,

AIDS INDIA e FORUM]

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