Doctors say marrow transplant may have cured AIDS

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Doctors say marrow transplant may have cured AIDS

By PATRICK McGROARTY, Associated Press Writer Mcgroarty, Associated Press Writer

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Wed Nov 12, 5:13 pm ET

AP – German hematologists Eckhard Thiel, left, and Gero Huetter of Berlin's Charite Medical University attend …

BERLIN – An American man who suffered from AIDS appears to have been cured of the disease 20 months after receiving a targeted bone marrow transplant normally used to fight leukemia, his doctors said Wednesday.

While

researchers — and the doctors themselves — caution that the case might

be no more than a fluke, others say it may inspire a greater interest

in gene therapy to fight the disease that claims 2 million lives each

year. The virus has infected 33 million people worldwide.

Dr.

Gero Huetter said his 42-year-old patient, an American living in Berlin

who was not identified, had been infected with the AIDS virus for more

than a decade. But 20 months after undergoing a transplant of

genetically selected bone marrow, he no longer shows signs of carrying

the virus.

"We waited every day for a bad reading," Huetter said.

It has not come. Researchers at Berlin's Charite hospital and medical school say tests on his bone marrow, blood and other organ tissues have all been clean.

However, Dr. Badley, director of the HIV and immunology research lab at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., said those tests have probably not been extensive enough.

"A lot more scrutiny from a lot of different biological samples would be required to say it's not present," Badley said.

This isn't the first time marrow transplants have been attempted for treating AIDS or HIV infection. In 1999, an article in the journal Medical Hypotheses

reviewed the results of 32 attempts reported between 1982 and 1996. In

two cases, HIV was apparently eradicated, the review reported.

Huetter's patient was under treatment at Charite for both AIDS and leukemia, which developed unrelated to HIV.

As

Huetter — who is a hematologist, not an HIV specialist — prepared to

treat the patient's leukemia with a bone marrow transplant, he recalled

that some people carry a genetic mutation

that seems to make them resistant to HIV infection. If the mutation,

called Delta 32, is inherited from both parents, it prevents HIV from

attaching itself to cells by blocking CCR5, a receptor that acts as a

kind of gateway.

"I read it in 1996, coincidentally," Huetter told reporters at the medical school. "I remembered it and thought it might work."

Roughly

one in 1,000 Europeans and Americans have inherited the mutation from

both parents, and Huetter set out to find one such person among donors

that matched the patient's marrow type. Out of a pool of 80 suitable

donors, the 61st person tested carried the proper mutation.

Before the transplant, the patient endured powerful drugs and radiation to kill off his own infected bone marrow cells and disable his immune system — a treatment fatal to between 20 and 30 percent of recipients.

He

was also taken off the potent drugs used to treat his AIDS. Huetter's

team feared that the drugs might interfere with the new marrow cells'

survival. They risked lowering his defenses in the hopes that the new,

mutated cells would reject the virus on their own.

Fauci,

director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases

in the U.S., said the procedure was too costly and too dangerous to

employ as a firstline cure. But he said it could inspire researchers to

pursue gene therapy as a means to block or suppress HIV.

"It

helps prove the concept that if somehow you can block the expression of

CCR5, maybe by gene therapy, you might be able to inhibit the ability

of the virus to replicate," Fauci said.

Roth, a professor of epidemiology and international public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said gene therapy as cheap and effective as current drug treatments is in very early stages of development.

"That's

a long way down the line because there may be other negative things

that go with that mutation that we don't know about."

Even for the patient in Berlin, the lack of a clear

understanding of exactly why his AIDS has disappeared means his future

is far from certain.

"The virus is wily," Huetter said. "There could always be a resurgence."

(This version CORRECTS spelling of doctor's name to Huetter throughout.)