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E numbers and LDN

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'Food' for thought

Would E numbers in food effect the LDN treatment and symptoms ?

Any thought/research been done on this ?

RED Table - MOST DANGEROUS:

Name

E Number

How it is used

What you should know

Allura Red AC

E129

Widely used as food colouring, in snacks, sauces, preserves, soups, wine, cider etc.

Avoid if you suffer from asthma, rhinitis (including hay fever) and urticaria (an allergic rash also known as hives

Amaranth

E123

Food colour used in wine, spirits, fish roe

Banned in the US. Avoid if you suffer from asthma, rhinitis, urticaria and other allergies.

AspartameClick here for more info

E951

Widely used as a sweetener in drinks, snacks, sweets, alcohol, desserts and 'diet' foods

Aspartame may affect people with PKU (phenylketonuria) Recent reports show the possibility of headaches, blindness and seizures with long-term, high-dose aspartame

Benzoic Acid

E210

Widely used preservative in many foods including drinks, low-sugar products, cereals and meat products

Can temporarily inhibit the function of digestive enzymes and may deplete glycine levels. Should be avoided by those with allergic conditions such as hay fever, hives and asthma.

Brilliant Black BN

E151

Widely used in drinks, sauces, snacks, wines, cheese etc

People who suffer from allergic conditions, asthma, rhinitis, urticaria, etc. should avoid this substance

Butylated Hydroxy-anisole (BHA)

E320

Very widely used as a preservative, particularly in fat containing foods, confectionary, meats

The International Agency For Research on Cancer says that BHA is possibly carcinogenic to humans. BHA also interacts with nitrates to form chemicals known to be mutagenic (cause changes in the DNA cells)

Calcium Benzoate

E213

Preservatives in many foods including drinks, low-sugar products, cereals, meat products

Can temporarily inhibit the function of digestive enzymes and may deplete glycine and amino levels. Should be avoided by those with allergic conditions such as hay fever, hives and asthma

Calcium Sulphite

E226

Very widely used, mainly as a preservative in a vast array of foods - from burgers to biscuits, from frozen mushrooms to horseradish pulp

In the US sulphites are banned from many foods, including meat, because they make old products look fresh. They can cause bronchial problems, flushing, low blood pressure, tingling, and anaphylactic shock. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) says avoid them if you suffer from bronchial asthma, cardiovascular or respiratory problems and emphysema.

Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

E621

Widely used as a flavour enhancer

Those sensitive to monosodium glutamate have felt symptoms including pressure on the head, seizures, chest pains, headache, nausea, burning sensations and tightness of face. Many baby food producers have stopped adding this substance

Ponceau4R, Cochineal Red A

E124

Widely used as a colouring

People who suffer from asthma, rhinitis, urticaria, may find their symptoms become worse following consumption or foods containing this colouring.

Potassium Benzoate

E212

Preservatives in many foods including drinks, low-sugar products, cereals, meat products

Can temporarily inhibit the function of digestive enzymes and may deplete glycine and amino levels. Should be avoided by those with allergic conditions such as hay fever, hives and asthma.

Potassium Nitrate

E249

Used as a preservative in cured meats and canned meat products

Three main health concerns; It can lower the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood; it may combine with other substances to form nitrosamines, which are carcinogenic, and it may have an atrophying affect on the adrenal gland.

Propyl P-hydroxy-benzoate, Propyl-paraben, Paraben

E216

Preservative in Pates, cereals, snacks, meat products and confectionary

Parabens have been identified as the cause of chronic dermatitis in numerous instances.

Saccharin and its Na, K and Ca salts

E954

Very widely used sweetener, found in diet, and no added sugar products

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has concluded that Saccharin is possibly carcinogenic to humans

Sodium Metabisulphite

E223

Widely used as a preservative and antioxidant

May provoke life-threatening asthma - a woman developed severe asthma after eating a salad with a vinegar based dressing containing E223

Sodium Sulphite

E221

Preservative used in wine making and other food processes

Sulphites have been associated with triggering asthma attacks; most asthmatics are sensitive to sulphites on food.

Stannous Chloride (tin)

E512

Antioxidant and colour retention agent in canned and bottled foods, fruit juices

Acute poisoning has been reported from ingestion of fruit juices containing concentrations of tin greater than 250mg per litre. Causing nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and headaches.

Sulphur Dioxide

E220

Very widely used preservative

Sulphur Dioxide reacts with a wide range of substances found in food, including various essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes and essential fatty acids. The most common adverse reaction to sulphites in bronchial problems, particularly those prone to asthma. Other adverse reactions may include hypotension (low blood pressure) flushing, tingling sensations and anaphylactic shock. The ILO says you should avoid E220 if you suffer from conjunctivitis, bronchitis, emphysema, bronchial asthma or cardiovascular disease.

Sunset YellowFCF, Orange -Yellow S

E110

Widely used food colour

Some animal studies have indicated growth retardation and severe weight loss. People with asthma, rhinitis or urticaria should avoid this product.

Tartrazine

E102

Widely used yellow food colour

May cause allergic reactions in perhaps 15 per cent of the population. It may be a cause of asthmatic attacks and has been implicated in bouts of hyperactivity disorder in children. Those who suffer from asthma, rhinitis, urticaria may find symptoms worsen after consumption

AMBER TABLE - MEDIUM RISK:

Name

E Number

How it is used

What you should know

Aluminium

E173

To clear tap water and as a food colour

High levels of aluminium have been linked with Alzheimer's and Osteoporosis

ttoBixinNorbixin

E160B

Food colour used in wide variety of foods including margarine, bakery, desserts, cheese, smoked fish, cereals and liqueurs

May provoke flare-ups of urticaria and angioneurotic oedema (an allergic reaction characterised by the sudden onset of swelling in the skin, and other areas) difficulty in breathing

Canthaxanthin

E161G

Food colouring in sausages

Main concern is tendency to form crystals in the retina of the eye. Long-term ingestion may cause liver damage.

Carbon Dioxide

E290

Used for fizz in beer and other drinks. It retards ripening in vegetables and fruit and inactivates moulds and bacteria

Exposure to carbon dioxide over long periods of time can be dangerous. Experimental evidence shows that carbon dioxide exposure might significantly reduce fertility

Cyclamic Acid And it's Na and Ca Salts

E952

Used widely as sweetener in 'Diet', energy-reduced and no-added-sugar products

Some skin conditions such as Pruritis, Dermographia, Urticaria and Angioneurotic oedema have been attributed to intake of Cyclamates.

Diphosphates, Disodium Diphosphate, SAPP

E450

Used as a leavening agent in doughnuts, biscuits, baking powder, cheese, canned potatoes and fish etc.

Excessive use may lead to imbalance of mineral levels, which could potentially lead to damage to bone density and osteoporosis.

Ferrous Gluconate

E579

Colouring for olives

Can kill children, especially between 12 and 24 months. As little as 2gm may cause death. However these levels could usually only be taken In the form of iron supplements.

Gelatine

None

Widely used as a thickening and gelling agent in jellies, confectionery, meat products.

There are concerns over gelatine in the wake of the BSE crisis as it is obtained from slaughterhouse by-products. These are usually obtained from pigs, but very occasionally from cattle

Glutamic Acid

E620

Widely used as a flavour enhancer and salt substitute. Particularly in condiments and seasonings

Researchers are concerned that glutamates could kill nerve cells which might be involved with degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's.

Hexa-methylene tetramine (Hexamine)

E239

Preservative used in cheese

May be combining formaldehyde and ammonia. Formaldehyde is considered carcinogenic and may provoke asthma, bronchitis, headaches and skin irritation.

Karaya Gum(Gum Sterculia)

E416

Used as an emulsifier in salad dressings, as a binder in meat products also in cheese and ices, liqueurs and chewing gum

It absorbs a large quantity of water and so acts as a laxative, which may produce abdominal discomfort. Occasional allergic reactions, i.e., urticaria, rhinitis, dermatitis and asthma, has been attributed to powered Karaya gum

Lactitol

E966

Widely used as a sweetener in energy-reduced, no-added-sugar and 'diet' products

May cause diarrhoea in very large (50g or more) doses. In animal studies there is evidence of some foetotoxicity (mutagenic damage to the foetus)

Litholrubine BK

E180

Used as a dye for cheese rind

Can affect those who suffer from asthma, rhinitis, urticaria and other allergic reactions.

Phosphoric Acid

E338

Widely used as a solvent, antioxidant and as a flavouring (mainly in soft drinks)

Excessive intake of phosphorus in food and drink may produce an imbalance of essential minerals leading to a loss of calcium from bone and calcification of soft tissues, especially the kidneys. The acceptable daily limit is 70mg. But it is quite likely that someone eating a typical western junk food diet could consume 500mg of phosphorus a day. At this level bone mineral content and density will decrease, making the onset of osteoporosis more likely.

Potassium Chloride

E508

Widely used as a seasoning and in yeast products

Large doses by mouth (although rare) can cause gastrointestinal irritation, weakness, circulation problems and vomiting. However, potassium chloride in a commercial dietary salt substitute produced a near-fatal poisoning in an eight-month-old infant.

Quillaia extractSaponin

E999

Foaming agent in soft drinks

Powdered Quillaia bark has highly local irritant and stimulatory properties. Unlikely to cause problems in drinks, but large doses severe toxic effects including liver damage, respiratory failure, convulsions and coma

Sodium aluminium phosphateAcidic

E541

Raising agent used in scones and sponge cakes

High levels of aluminium have been linked with Alzheimer's and Osteoporosis

Sodium, Monosodium, Disodium and Trisodium Citrates

E331

Controls acidity in carbonated drinks, evaporated milk and dry soup mixes

Excessive intake may upset the acid/alkaline balance and cause tetany (muscle spasms) or depress the heart

Sodium Phosphates; Monosodium, Disodium, Trisodium Phosphates

E339

Used in quick cook pasta and coffee whiteners

Excessive intake of phosphorus in food and drink may produce an imbalance of essential minerals leading to a loss of calcium from bone and calcification of soft tissues, especially the kidneys. The acceptable daily limit is 70mg. But it is quite likely that someone eating a typical western junk food diet could consume 500mg of phosphorus a day. At this level bone mineral content and density will decrease, making the onset of osteoporosis more likely.

Sodium Potassium Tartrate

E337

Used as an emulsifier in processed cheese

Should be avoided by people with cardiac failure, high blood pressure, damaged liver or kidneys as it can cause sodium and water retention.

Sorbitan Monostearate

E491

Widely used emulsifier

At high levels can cause liver and bile duct enlargement, growth retardation.

Succinic Acid

E363

Flavour enhancer in soups, desserts and drinks

Large doses may produce diarrhoea and vomiting.

GREEN - Least Harmful:

Name

E Number

How it is used

What you should know

Acacia Gum,Gum Arabic

E414

Widely used as a thickening agent

Virtually non toxic, but can provoke asthma

Adipic Acid

E355

Flavouring and leavening agent in dessert mixes, drink powders and bakery

Humans can only metabolise small amounts of Adipic acid. It has been found to depress growth in rats.

Ammonium carbonates, Ammonium hydrogen carbonate, Ammonium bicarbonate

E503

Used as an acidity regulator and raising agent in baking powder

Considered safe in relatively small amounts (as in food additives) but consumption of large amounts (6-8g) increases excretion of essential minerals.

Beetroot Red, Betanin(e)

E162

Widely used as a colouring

Intake should be restricted for small children

Biphenyl (Diphenyl) (Phenyl Benzene)

E230

Used mainly as a preservative to prevent mould on citrus fruit

Workers impregnating fruit wrappings with Diphenyl have displayed symptoms which indicate central and peripheral nerve damage and liver injury

Calcium Ascorbate

E302

Widely used antioxidant

Large amounts might increase the formation of calcium oxalate stones in the kidneys

Calcium Carbonate

E170

Widely used as a colouring, particularly in confectionery

Can cause constipation. Large quantities (less likely in foods than medicinal doses) can result in haemorrhoids, kidney stones, confused behaviour, anorexia, abdominal pains and weak muscles.

Calcium Chloride

E509

Used as a firming agent in fruit

Solid particles can cause skin peeling, eye discharge ad nose bleeding. Doses in food however are unlikely to cause problems

Carbamide (Urea)

E927B

Texturiser in chewing gum

No harmful side effects. But you might like to know that Urea is a basic part of Urine!

Citric Acid

E330

Widely used as an antioxidant and flavouring

A natural, organic additive,Citric acid is considered a chemical, is made from a mold, and is widely used as a preservative not as an organic additive( although some call it that). It is also used as an anticoagulant in butter. frequent or excessive intake may cause erosion of teeth and gum irritation.

Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines

E120

Widely used as a red colouring

Safe, but you might like to know that Cochineal is obtained from the dried bodies of a female insect!

Gellan Gum

E418

Thickening and gelling agent, stabiliser

High intake may produce a laxative effect

Glycerol

E422

Used to make 'soft scoop' ice cream, to control crystallization in sweets and as a food emulsifier

Few adverse effects following intake of the amounts likely to be found in food. Larger amounts may cause mild headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, thirst and diarrhoea

Guar Gum

E412

Widely used to create 'mouth feel' (how good a product tastes in the mouth) and to stop ice cream melting

Main concern has been over-use as a slimming aid where the fear is it could swell in the oesophagus, causing rupture or choking obstructions.

Hydrochloric Acid

E507

Widely used in food processing

May be carcinogenic, if mixed with formaldehyde.

Locust Bean Gum

E410

Found in bakery, ice-cream, soft cheese and sausages

May contain tannins, which inhibit appetite and growth.

Mannitol

E421

Widely used as a sweetener in 'diet' and no-added-sugar products

Exerts a laxative effect (at doses of 10-20g) However, no serious adverse effects noted in clinical experiments

Methyl Cellulose

E461

Used to increase water absorption and retention and give mouth feel. Stops fried foods from absorbing oil

If used as a diet aid should always be taken with plenty of water to prevent blockages. If you have bowel problems you should check with your doctor before taking it as a diet aid.

Polydextrose

E1200

Widely used as a stabiliser, thickening and bulking agent

Produces a laxative effect at around 90g per day intake or more - unlikely to cause problems in amounts of food.

Potassium Adipate

E357

Flavouring agent in dessert mixes, drink powders, bakery

Humans can only metabolise small amounts of Adipic acid. Depresses growth in rats

Propionic Acid

E280

Used as a preservative, mainly in breads and bakery products

Unlikely to cause a problem in food. Exposure of workers to Propionic acid shows mild to moderate skin burns and mild eye redness.

Propyl Gallate

E310

Widely used antioxidant

Unlikely to be carcinogenic, although it may cause contact dermatitis in those regularly exposed to it (i.e. bakery workers) In animal studies, male rats developed proputial gland tumours in the pancreas

Silver

E174

Used for the external coating of confectionery

Unlikely to cause problems in the amounts found in food stuffs, but long-term use is known to have caused argyria (darkening of the eyes, nose, throat and skin) in one patient with resulting kidney damage.

Sodium Alginate

E401

Widely used as a thickening agent

The greatest danger from ingestion of large quantities is the possibility of intestinal obstruction. Unlikely to cause harm

Triphosphates, pentasodium and Pentapotassium Triphosphate

E451

Texturiser used mainly in egg-containing products. Tenderises tinned peas and beans. Maintains moisture in meat products.

Unlikely to cause problems in the amounts found in foodstuffs, but ingestion of large amounts (usually only through consuming detergents) can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, fall of blood pressure, slow pulse, cyanosis, tetany (muscle spasm).

Xylitol

E967

Widely used, mainly as a sweetener and to make foods taste fresh

There are no toxicity concerns, but stimulation of freshness could mislead consumers.

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